Detection of Typhoid Carriers by Agglutination Tests

Schubert, Joseph H.; Edwards, P. R.; Ramsey, Carolyn H.

doi:10.1128/jb.77.5.648-654.1959

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…A passive hemagglutination assay was used to measure serum antibodies to the crude and purified Vi antigens (17). Sheep erythrocytes were sensitized with the crude Vi antigen in a 1:400 dilution of the NaCI extract and with the purified Vi antigen at a concentration of 10 ug/ml.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a New Assay for Vi Antibody in Chronic Carriers of Salmonella typhi

Nolan¹,

Feeley

White

et al. 1980

J Clin Microbiol

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The assay for serum antibody to the Salmonella typhi capsular polysaccharide (Vi) antigen has recently been revised because of the availabiity of a purified, highly polymerized Vi antigen. We compared this revised Vi antibody assay to the traditional one for potential usefulness in the surveillance of chronic enteric carriers of S. typhi. The purified Vi antigen of Citrobacter freundii was incorporated into a passive hemagglutination assay for serum Vi antibody; the standard Vi antibody assay was also a hemagglutination assay that employed as the Vi antigen a crude extract of Citrobacter (Ballerup O group 29). As determined by the revised assay, Vi antibody was found in the sera of 22 (71%) of 31 current typhoid carriers, none of 6 resolved carriers, and none of 22 control subjects. According to the traditional assay, Vi antibody was present in 23 of those current carriers (74%), 1 of the resolved carriers (17%), and 4 of the control subjects (18%). The rate of false-positive Vi antibody tests among resolved carriers and control subjects was less with the revised assay (P < 0.05). Successful antimicrobial therapy resulted in a reversion to seronegativity within 1 year in 8 of 10 Vipositive carriers according to the revised assay, but in only 3 of 11 according to the standard assay (P < 0.05). During a 2-year period of observation, 15 (94%) of 16 current typhoid carriers had at least one positive purified Vi antibody test; among 12 of those patients with Vi titers of 1:40 or greater, 9 (75%) were continuously Vi positive. Thus, the revised Vi antibody assay is more specific and no less sensitive than the standard assay for the condition of current enteric carriage of S. typhi. This serological test could be of value in the surveillance of typhoid carriers by public health agencies.

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Evaluation of a New Assay for Vi Antibody in Chronic Carriers of Salmonella typhi

Nolan¹,

Feeley

White

et al. 1980

J Clin Microbiol

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“…Since most of these cases are associated with a previously unrecognized carrier, it is usually necessary to screen several individuals suspected on epidemiological grounds to identify the probable source. As a screening test, stool culturing for S. typhi presents two difficulties: (i) subjects are often uncooperative about providing fecal specimens (10), and (ii) approximately 25% of single specimens from known carriers are negative (9). The use of Vi serology as a screening tool was first suggested over 40 years ago (4), but until recently, none of the proposed assays for Vi antibody have possessed sufficient specificity to be broadly useful (2, 4).…”

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Identification of a carrier by using Vi enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serology in an outbreak of typhoid fever on an Indian reservation

Engleberg¹,

Barrett²,

Fisher³

et al. 1983

J Clin Microbiol

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In May 1981 an outbreak of typhoid fever occurred in a small village on a southwestern United States Indian reservation. Five of the six culture-proven cases, but only 2 of 15 community, age-matched controls, had eaten food prepared for a party held in the village on 20 April (chi-square = 4.3; P less than 0.05). Food histories obtained from 16 persons who ate food at the party suggested that chicken with chili (P = 0.03) and potato salad (P = 0.09) were possible vehicles. Eleven adults who attended the party, 5 of whom helped prepare an implicated food, were studied with one or more stool cultures and serum for Vi antibody by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hemagglutination techniques. All initial stool cultures were negative for Salmonella typhi; however, one subject, a 70-year-old female foodhandler, had a Vi antibody titer of 1:320 by ELISA. Subsequent cultures from this subject were positive for S. typhi. ELISA for Vi antibody directed the investigators to a single individual as the most probable carrier source and obviated the need for multiple fecal cultures from the other potential carriers identified by the epidemiological investigation.

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Immunology of Enteric Pathogens Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia coli

Levine

Hornick

1981

Immunology of Human Infection

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Detection of Typhoid Carriers by Agglutination Tests

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

Evaluation of a New Assay for Vi Antibody in Chronic Carriers of Salmonella typhi

Evaluation of a New Assay for Vi Antibody in Chronic Carriers of Salmonella typhi

Identification of a carrier by using Vi enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serology in an outbreak of typhoid fever on an Indian reservation

Immunology of Enteric Pathogens Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia coli

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