Detection of Toscana virus from an adult traveler returning to Australia with encephalitis

Arden, Katherine E.; Heney, Claire; Shaban, Babak; Nimmo, Graeme R.; Nissen, Michael; Sloots, Theo P.; Mackay, Ian M.

doi:10.1002/jmv.24839

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, as most native adults in endemic regions are immune, there are relatively few reports of clinical cases among indigenous people, in addition to the fact that mild symptoms do not frequently lead people to seek health care [23]. Often, reported cases of more severe infections are from travelers visiting endemic regions [124][125][126][127]. Yet, and surprisingly, some clinicians are still not considering TOSV and phleboviruses, in general, as causative agents of disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses in Portugal: Four and Still Counting

Amaro

Zé-Zé

Alves

2022

Viruses

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According to ICTV, there are currently 66 known phlebovirus species. More than 40 of these viruses were isolated or detected in phlebotomine sandflies and some of them are known pathogens. In Portugal, information about sandfly-borne phleboviruses is scarce and scattered sandfly-borne diseases are neglected and often not considered in differential diagnoses. The main objective of this work was to gather the existing information and to raise awareness about the circulating phleboviruses in this country. To date, Massilia and Alcube phleboviruses have been isolated from sandflies in southern Portugal. Human infections with Toscana and Sicilian phleboviruses have been reported, as well as seroprevalence in cats and dogs. More studies are needed in order to understand if the viruses isolated during the entomological surveys have an impact on human health and to fully understand the real importance of the already recognized pathogens in our country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses in Portugal: Four and Still Counting

Amaro

Zé-Zé

Alves

2022

Viruses

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“…Three novel viral species or strains were identified in CSF samples of patients with encephalitis (Table 1): human CSF-associated densovirus 1 (HuCSFDV1) [37]; cyclovirus Viet-Nam (CyCV-VN) [28]; and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-related arenavirus [26]. HTS analysis also identified viruses known to be responsible for CNS infections (n ¼ 11) and not screened or detected by routine assays (HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EpsteineBarr virus (EBV), TBEV, WNV, Cache Valley, Saint Louis encephalitis, Toscana, mumps, measles, and coxsackie A9 virus) [29,30,34,35,39,40,42,48,49] (Table 1).…”

Section: Virus Identification With Htsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address the specificity of HTS results, other techniques were performed to confirm HTS results in all studies, except one [49]. (RT)-PCR assays were performed in samples from 37 patients and were positive in at least one sample in 36 patients.…”

Section: Hts Protocols and Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-throughput sequencing for the aetiologic identification of viral encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and meningitis. A narrative review and clinical appraisal

Zanella

Lenggenhager

Schrenzel

et al. 2019

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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a b s t r a c tBackground: Viral aetiologies are the most common cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections. Approximately one-half of CNS infections remain of undetermined origin. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) brought new perspectives to CNS infection investigations, allowing investigation of viral aetiologies with an unbiased approach. HTS use is still limited to specific clinical situations. Objectives: The aim of this review was to evaluate the contribution and pitfalls of HTS for the aetiologic identification of viral encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and meningitis in CNS patient samples. Sources: PubMed was searched from 1 January 2008 to 2 August 2018 to retrieve available studies on the topic. Additional publications were included from a review of full-text sources. Content: Among 366 studies retrieved, 29 used HTS as a diagnostic technique. HTS was performed in cerebrospinal fluid and brain biopsy samples of 307 patients, including immunocompromised, immunocompetent paediatric, and adult cases. HTS was performed retrospectively in 18 studies and prospectively in 11. HTS led to the identification of a potential causal virus in 41 patients, with 11 viruses known and ten not expected to cause CNS infections. Various HTS protocols were used. Implications: The additional value of HTS is difficult to quantify because of various biases. Nevertheless, HTS led to the identification of a viral cause in 13% of encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and meningitis cases in which various assays failed to identify the cause. HTS should be considered early in clinical management as a complement to routine assays. Standardized strategies and systematic studies are needed for the integration of HTS in clinical management. M.-C. Zanella, Clin Microbiol Infect 2019;25:422

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“…This underlines the importance of travel-related medicine in the surveillance of infectious diseases, particularly vector-borne infectious diseases. Most of the Toscana virus case records are coming from important or autochthonous human cases from the Mediterranean basin countries [45,70]. Autochthonous cases in humans have been reported in Italy [71], Greece [72], Cyprus [73], Croatia [74], Turkey [75,76], Portugal [77] and France [78].…”

Section: Toscana Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandfly-Borne Viruses of Demonstrated/Relevant Medical Importance

Ayhan¹,

Charrel²

2019

Vectors and Vector-Borne Zoonotic Diseases

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Sandflies show distribution in a vast geographical area from Europe to Asia, Africa, Australia, and Central and South America where they can transmit a large number of viruses. Between these viruses, the most important are grouped into the Phlebovirus genus (family Phenuiviridae). Among them, several sandfly-borne phleboviruses cause self-limiting febrile disease (sandfly fever) or central and peripheral nervous system infections. Data concerning the geographic distribution of these phleboviruses has drastically increased during the last decade in both the new and the old worlds. The current situation depicts a high viral diversity with taxonomic groups containing human pathogenic and non-pathogenic viruses. This merits to provide insight to address the question of medical and veterinary public health impact of all these viruses, which are poorly studied. To do so, integrated and translational approaches must use ecological, epidemiological, serological and direct clinical evidence. Beside, other viruses transmitted by sandflies and belonging to Rhabdoviridae and Reoviridae families can also be of veterinary and public health importance. The chapter aims to provide a comprehensive view of the sandfly-borne viral pathogens of the public health impact on humans and other vertebrates in the old and new worlds.

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Detection of Toscana virus from an adult traveler returning to Australia with encephalitis

Cited by 8 publications

References 21 publications

Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses in Portugal: Four and Still Counting

Sandfly-Borne Phleboviruses in Portugal: Four and Still Counting

High-throughput sequencing for the aetiologic identification of viral encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and meningitis. A narrative review and clinical appraisal

Sandfly-Borne Viruses of Demonstrated/Relevant Medical Importance

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