Detection of the <scp>F129L</scp> mutation in the cytochrome <i>b</i> gene in <i>Phakopsora pachyrhizi</i>

Klosowski, Ana Cláudia; Mio, Louise Larissa May De; Miessner, S.; Rodrigues, Ronaldo; Stammler, G.

doi:10.1002/ps.4099

Cited by 102 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Therefore, the evolution of resistance to QoI fungicides based on G143A is not likely to evolve into pathogens that carry an intron directly after this codon. However, molecular analysis of the P. pachyrhizi cytochrome b gene populations from 2013/2014 showed high frequency of F129L mutation in field samples and monouredinial isolates; G143A and G137R, however, were not found (Klosowski et al, 2015). The presence of the F129L mutation in P. pachyrhizi may explain the reduced efficiency observed in the UFT in 2013/2014, but another resistance mechanism can also be involved.…”

Section: Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Asian soybean rust in Brazil: past, present, and future

Godoy

Seixas

Soares

et al. 2016

Pesq. agropec. bras.

170

199

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-Asian soybean rust, caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, is the most severe disease of the crop and can cause yield losses of up to 90%. The disease was first reported in Brazil in 2001. Epidemics of the disease are common in the country, where the fungus can survive year-round. Regulatory measures to reduce the inoculum between seasons and avoid late-season soybean have been adopted to manage the disease. Disease control has relied mainly on chemical control, but a lower sensibility of the fungus to fungicides has been reported in Brazil. Major-resistance genes have been mapped and incorporated into the cultivars. With the reduced efficacy of the fungicides, the adoption of integrated measures to control the disease will be important for the sustainability of the crop. This review presents the main changes in the soybean crop system caused by the introduction of the fungus in Brazil, the current management strategies adopted to avoid losses, and the new trends that, together with biotechnological strategies, can improve management in the future.Index terms: Glycine max, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, biotechnology, chemical control, genetic resistance, losses, management. Ferrugem-asiática da soja no Brasil: passado, presente e futuroResumo -A ferrugem-asiática da soja, causada pelo fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi, é a doença mais severa da cultura e pode causar perdas de produtividade de até 90%. A doença foi relatada pela primeira vez no Brasil em 2001. Epidemias da doença são comuns no País, onde o fungo pode sobreviver durante todo o ano. Medidas regulatórias para reduzir o inóculo entre safras e evitar a semeadura tardia de soja têm sido adotadas para manejar a doença. O controle da doença tem se baseado principalmente no controle químico, mas uma menor sensibilidade do fungo aos fungicidas tem sido relatada no Brasil. Genes de resistência têm sido mapeados e incorporados às cultivares. Por causa da redução da eficiência dos fungicidas, a adoção de medidas integradas para o controle da doença será importante para a sustentabilidade da cultura. Este artigo de revisão apresenta as principais mudanças no sistema de produção da soja causadas pela introdução do fungo no Brasil, as medidas de controle atualmente usadas para evitar perdas, e as novas tendências que, juntas com estratégias biotecnológicas, podem melhorar o manejo da doença no futuro.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, biotecnologia, controle químico, resistência genética, perdas, manejo.

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Section: Fungicidesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Asian soybean rust in Brazil: past, present, and future

Godoy

Seixas

Soares

et al. 2016

Pesq. agropec. bras.

170

199

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“…resistance to both DMI and QoI fungicides ( CYTB mutations data from Klosowski et al . ()), resulting from mutations in both target genes, was observed for seven of 19 isolates, four isolates from the organic and three from the conventional field (Table ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Fungicide sensitivity and monocyclic parameters related to the Phakopsora pachyrhizi–soybean pathosystem from organic and conventional soybean production systems

Klosowski

Castellar

Stammler³

et al. 2018

Plant Pathology

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The failure of chemical control of soybean rust has been related to the selection of less sensitive isolates, and the infection capacity of such isolates could have implications for the management of the disease. The aims of the present study were to compare the sensitivity to tebuconazole and azoxystrobin and the monocycle of soybean rust using isolates of Phakopsora pachyrhizi from two soybean fields with different production systems (organic and conventional) in 2012/13 and 2013/14 seasons, and to monitor mutations in the CYP51 gene. To assess the sensitivity to tebuconazole and azoxystrobin, detached leaf tests and in vitro germination, respectively, were used. To evaluate the monocycle, detached leaves were inoculated with a urediniospore suspension and evaluated daily by counting the number of uredia. The occurrence of the mutations in CYP51 was investigated by a pyrosequencing assay. In both 2012/13 and 2013/14 seasons, the EC 50 to tebuconazole was lower for the population from the organic system (0.41 and 0.10 lg mL À1 , respectively) compared to the conventional system (1.60 and 4.44 lg mL À1 , respectively), while the EC 50 to azoxystrobin was similar for both populations. The lower sensitivity to tebuconazole and azoxystrobin was associated with F120L + Y131H mutations in CYP51, and the F129L mutation in CYTB, respectively. The monomolecular model fitted to monocycle data and parameters related to the maximum asymptote and the AUDPC were superior for organic than the conventional system.

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“…Subsequent to the establishment of the crop, it is still susceptible to diseases that affect the aerial part, among them, highlight the Asian rust of the soybean caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow & Sydow, capable of causing 30 to 75% losses in crops. The use of fungicides is still the main form of control of soybean Asian rust (KLOSOWSKI et al, 2016). The integration of chemical control methods and seed certification may contribute to greater crop sanitary quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean seed origin effects on physiological and sanitary quality and crop yield

Tonello

Fabbian

Sacon

et al. 2019

SCA

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The suitable establishment of a crop depends on seed quality, among another factors. However, with high production costs many producers use uncertified seeds, to reduce expenses with this input at sowing time. The objective was to evaluate germination, vigor and health of soybean seeds, diseases incidence in cvs. NS 5445 IPRO and BMX Ativa RR, whose seeds were of certified and uncertified origins, as well as yield components and grain yield of soybeans, with or without fungicides application. The experiments were conducted in the 2015/16 and 2016/17 crop season, in Erechim-RS. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design (DIC): one in the laboratory, under a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (cultivar x origin); and another in the field in a homogeneous area, in a 2 x 2 factorial scheme (with/without fungicide application and certified/uncertified seed) for two cultivars, both with four replications. The variables evaluated were: germination and seed health, yield (kg ha -1 ), thousand grains weight (g), number of grains per plant, and incidence of foliar fungal diseases. The main fungi identified in seeds were Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. The highest incidence percentage were obtained in uncertifed seeds, at two harvests. Both cultivars and origins presented the minimum germination required for commercialization, however, certified seeds had better performance for seed vigor. As for normal seedlings, there was a significant difference only for the 2016/17 crop season, with the highest percentage obtained in certified seeds (52.0% for NS 5445 and 73.5% for BMX Ativa). Best productivity was achieved with cultivation of certified seeds associated with fungicides in both crops and cultivars. For thousand grains weight (TGW) there was no difference in origin, but only for cultivar and fungicides apply. The number of grains per plant was higher in plants from certified seeds and that received fungicides, being cv. BMX Ativa the most responsive for the two harvests analyzed. The main diseases found in the two harvests were: Asian rust, powdery mildew, mildew, septoriosis and cercosporiosis. However, seed origin, in both crops, did not differ in the incidence of Asian rust, powdery mildew and mildew, but for septoriosis and cercosporiosis, considered soybean late season diseases, seed origin is a determining fator. ResumoO adequado estabelecimento de uma lavoura depende da qualidade das sementes utilizadas. Contudo, os custos de produção fazem com que muitos produtores façam uso de sementes salvas, para reduzir gastos com esse insumo no momento da semeadura. Objetivou-se avaliar a germinação, vigor e a sanidade de sementes de soja, a incidência de doenças nas cvs. NS 5445 IPRO e BMX Ativa RR, cujas sementes eram de procedências salva e certificada, assim como os componentes de rendimento e a produtividade de grãos de soja, após a aplicação ou não de fungicidas na cultura. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nas safras 2015/16 e 2016/17, no município de Erechim (RS). Dois experimentos foram c...

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Detection of the F129L mutation in the cytochrome b gene in Phakopsora pachyrhizi

Abstract: This is the first report of the occurrence of the F129L mutation in P. pachyrhizi. The practical relevance of this mutation for field efficacy of QoIs needs further investigation. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

Cited by 102 publications

References 15 publications

Asian soybean rust in Brazil: past, present, and future

Asian soybean rust in Brazil: past, present, and future

Fungicide sensitivity and monocyclic parameters related to the Phakopsora pachyrhizi–soybean pathosystem from organic and conventional soybean production systems

Soybean seed origin effects on physiological and sanitary quality and crop yield

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