Detection of the origin of animal species in kebab meat using mitochondrial DNA based -polymerase chain reaction (mtDNA-PCR)

Abstract

Adulteration and incorrect labeling of meat products became a matter of great concerns of religious, economical, legal and medical aspects. Among meat products, kebab is considered one of the most favorable in Iraq, which makes it prone to adulteration. This study was carried out to evaluate the quality of kebab by detecting the origin of animal species meat in it; using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) based Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, kebab was prepared as per the standardized processing schedule using pure mutton and beef meat in ratio 80:20 and chicken

Do You Know What You Eat? Kebab Adulteration in Poland

“…The first official control performed by the Agricultural and Food Quality Inspection in Poland took place in 2023 and showed many irregularities [ 17 ]. In the literature, authors focus on the study of an effective method of analyzing the authenticity of kebabs [ 4 , 9 , 18 ]. Only one study disclosed several systematically deficient regulatory requirements in Döner kebab labelling [ 19 ].…”

“…Deliberate alteration of food quality is a relatively common practice, but the real scale is difficult to determine due to the heterogeneity of fraud and the high costs of the necessary control methods. Awareness surrounding the human tendency to prioritize profits leads us to question how reliable the declarations of fast food and kebab producers are regarding the meat contents of the processed foods used to produce kebabs [ 4 ]. Adulteration of meat products may include reducing the amount of meat in the product or using cheaper substitutes from other animal species instead of the meat advertised [ 2 , 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

“…Awareness surrounding the human tendency to prioritize profits leads us to question how reliable the declarations of fast food and kebab producers are regarding the meat contents of the processed foods used to produce kebabs [4]. Adulteration of meat products may include reducing the amount of meat in the product or using cheaper substitutes from other animal species instead of the meat advertised [2,[4][5][6].…”

“…By definition, the meat used in a traditional Iraqi "kebab" is mixed ground beef, mutton, or goat meat [4]. Apart from exposing consumers to economic loss, where more expensive ingredients (lamb, mutton, beef) are replaced with cheaper ones (chicken, pork), Foods 2023, 12, 3380 2 of 7 food adulteration also has health consequences.…”

Molecular screening of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins associated with samples of meat / Iraq

“…DNA was extracted from the probable S. aureus iso-lates from broth cultures utilizing phenol /chloroform DNA extraction method (Akkou et al, 2018;Hassan et al, 2019).…”