Detection of the mcr-1 Gene in a Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolate from an Austrian Patient

Abstract

Since colistin resistance based on the plasmid-encoded gene was first described, this resistance gene in has been found worldwide. These organisms are typically of heterogeneous genetic background and show exceptional clonal diversity. We describe the first confirmation of in a human strain cultured from a surveillance stool sample of an Austrian oncology patient.

Occurrence and Characterization of mcr-1-Positive Escherichia coli Isolated From Food-Producing Animals in Poland, 2011–2016

“…Many European countries reported the occurrence of colistin resistance in E. coli deriving from both humans and animals (Hasman et al, 2015; Irrgang et al, 2016; Malhotra-Kumar et al, 2016; Perrin-Guyomard et al, 2016; Carattoli et al, 2017; Duggett et al, 2017; Hartl et al, 2017; Kawanishi et al, 2017; Apostolakos and Piccirillo, 2018). In Poland, we observed a slight increase in colistin resistance in E. coli and also in the prevalence of mcr -positive isolates originating from healthy livestock from 0.7 to 1.7% and 0.2 to 3.7%, respectively in the analyzed time frame, irrespective of the animal of origin.…”

Global Burden of Colistin-Resistant Bacteria: Mobilized Colistin Resistance Genes Study (1980–2018)

“…Bacteria from animal gut and feces play an important role in persistence and transmission of bacteria that contain mcr genes to humans [40,41,42,43,44]. Bacteria with mcr genes have also been detected in food products [23], wastewater [45], rivers, seawater [46], and humans [47]. The estimated overall prevalence in the animal and food samples were higher than in the human samples (Figure 5, Figure 3A), and this supports the hypothesis of that the food-chain plays a role in mcr transmission.…”

“…The IncI2, IncX4 and IncHI2 are the most common plasmid types that carry mcr genes. While the plasmid IncI2 is common in Asia [53], Oceania [52], North and South America [54], IncHI2 is more frequently reported in Europe [47] and Africa [24] (Figure 2). The IncI2 plasmid usually carried the partitioning genes ( yafA / yafB ), type IV pilus and shufflon, acid resistance and biofilm production, which enhance the conjugation and adherence of the bacteria [55] with this plasmid to the epithelial cells.…”

“…Isolates that carry mcr genes, and show resistance to colistin, were also frequently shown to possess other antibiotic-resistant determinants [47]. Interestingly, a few studies reported that mcr -harboring P. E. coli from human [53] and pig [71] are phenotypically susceptible to colistin in vitro.…”

First detection of the mcr-1 colistin resistance gene in Escherichia coli from a patient with urinary tract infection in Myanmar

“…Accordingly, there is a concern that mcr-1 –positive, ST23 complex E. coli will acquire the carbapenemase gene, becoming an extremely drug-resistant clone. In addition, MMR-CR4 had multiple mutations in quinolone-resistance–determining regions in gyrA and parC, as identified in Austria [11], thus suggesting its selective increase with the use of quinolones. Despite its low prevalence, the presence of mcr-1 in a clinical isolate in Myanmar should be noted as sign of spread of multidrug resistance in Enterobateriaceae.…”