Detection of the Emerging Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O26:H11/H
            <sup>−</sup>
            Sequence Type 29 (ST29) Clone in Human Patients and Healthy Cattle in Switzerland

Zweifel, Claudio; Cernela, Nicole; Stephan, Roger

doi:10.1128/aem.01728-13

Cited by 33 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We confirmed that the new highly pathogenic EHEC O26:H11 clone ST29 is circulating in France and constituted most of the stx 2 -harboring EHEC O26:H11 strains studied here, as 16 of the 23 strains appeared to correspond to this clone (ST29). This finding confirms observations made by others in different countries (3,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). However, the characteristics of many of the strains analyzed here differed somewhat from the characteristics described previously.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…This dominant profile (52% of the strains) was reported previously with a much lower prevalence (8)(9)(10). The possibility that the plasmid was lost during culture of the strains could not be excluded, however.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…We characterized the plasmid gene contents of the 23 strains to compare them with STEC O26 strains circulating in other countries in Europe and described by others (8)(9)(10). The ehxA, katP, espP, and etpD genes were distributed in three different patterns ( Table 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the past decade, a shift in the prevalence of EHEC O26:H11 strains recovered from humans has been observed. Since the middle 1990s, most of the clinical O26:H11 strains possess the stx 2a gene alone or in association with stx1, and a new highly pathogenic clone carrying stx 2a only has started to emerge in Europe (8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until recently, EHEC O26:H11 strains isolated from humans mostly harbored Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) (Stx1a subtype) only or, more rarely, Stx1a associated with the Stx2a subtype. In the middle 1990s, however, a new EHEC O26:H11 clone carrying the Shiga toxin Stx2a subtype alone emerged in Europe (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). This new clone has also been observed in South America (19) and in the United States (1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Characteristics of Emerging Human-Pathogenic Escherichia coli O26:H11 Strains Isolated in France between 2010 and 2013 and Carrying the stx _2d Gene Only

et al. 2015

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Strains of Escherichia coli O26:H11 that were positive for stx 2 alone (n ‫؍‬ 23), which were not epidemiologically related or part of an outbreak, were isolated from pediatric patients in France between 2010 and 2013. We were interested in comparing these strains with the new highly virulent stx 2a -positive E. coli O26 clone sequence type 29 (ST29) that has emerged recently in Europe, and we tested them by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), stx 2 subtyping, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) sequencing, and plasmid (ehxA, katP, espP, and etpD) and chromosomal (Z2098, espK, and espV) virulence gene profiling. We showed that 16 of the 23 strains appeared to correspond to this new clone, but the characteristics of 12 strains differed significantly from the previously described characteristics, with negative results for both plasmid and chromosomal genetic markers. These 12 strains exhibited a ST29 genotype and related CRISPR arrays (CRISPR2a alleles 67 or 71), suggesting that they evolved in a common environment. This finding was corroborated by the presence of stx 2d in 7 of the 12 ST29 strains. This is the first time that E. coli O26:H11 carrying stx 2d has been isolated from humans. This is additional evidence of the continuing evolution of virulent Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) O26 strains. A new O26:H11 CRISPR PCR assay, SP_O26_E, has been developed for detection of these 12 particular ST29 strains of E. coli O26:H11. This test is useful to better characterize the stx 2 -positive O26:H11 clinical isolates, which are associated with severe clinical outcomes such as bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is responsible for gastrointestinal diseases such as diarrhea or bloody diarrhea and can lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The most common EHEC serotype associated with human disease is O157: H7. However, a growing number of human EHEC infections are caused by non-O157 EHEC strains (1-4). Among non-O157 EHEC strains, O26:H11 has emerged as the most common serotype associated with severe diarrhea and HUS worldwide (1-6).EHEC O26:H11 strains are very dynamic; they can undergo frequent genetic rearrangements in their chromosome, virulence plasmids, and pathogenicity islands. They also have the ability to rapidly lose and acquire stx-carrying phages (7), which makes them highly adaptable and may account for their global spread. Until recently, EHEC O26:H11 strains isolated from humans mostly harbored Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1) (Stx1a subtype) only or, more rarely, Stx1a associated with the Stx2a subtype. In the middle 1990s, however, a new EHEC O26:H11 clone carrying the Shiga toxin Stx2a subtype alone emerged in Europe (8-18). This new clone has also been observed in South America (19) and in the United States (1). Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strains carrying the stx 2 gene are usually associated with more severe outcomes (20). Indeed, this new O26:H11 clone appears highly virulent and is significantly associated wit...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Characteristics of Emerging Human-Pathogenic Escherichia coli O26:H11 Strains Isolated in France between 2010 and 2013 and Carrying the stx _2d Gene Only

et al. 2015

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Genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains carrying the mcr-1 gene recovered from pigs in Lima-Peru

Huamán

Cueva

et al. 2023

Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

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Microevolution of epidemiological highly relevant non-O157 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli of serogroups O26 and O111

Eichhorn

Semmler

Mellmann

et al. 2018

International Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Detection of the Emerging Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O26:H11/H ⁻ Sequence Type 29 (ST29) Clone in Human Patients and Healthy Cattle in Switzerland

Abstract: Shiga toxin-producing

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

Characteristics of Emerging Human-Pathogenic Escherichia coli O26:H11 Strains Isolated in France between 2010 and 2013 and Carrying the stx _2d Gene Only

Characteristics of Emerging Human-Pathogenic Escherichia coli O26:H11 Strains Isolated in France between 2010 and 2013 and Carrying the stx _2d Gene Only

Genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains carrying the mcr-1 gene recovered from pigs in Lima-Peru

Microevolution of epidemiological highly relevant non-O157 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli of serogroups O26 and O111

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Detection of the Emerging Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O26:H11/H − Sequence Type 29 (ST29) Clone in Human Patients and Healthy Cattle in Switzerland

Abstract: Shiga toxin-producing

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

Characteristics of Emerging Human-Pathogenic Escherichia coli O26:H11 Strains Isolated in France between 2010 and 2013 and Carrying the stx 2d Gene Only

Characteristics of Emerging Human-Pathogenic Escherichia coli O26:H11 Strains Isolated in France between 2010 and 2013 and Carrying the stx 2d Gene Only

Genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains carrying the mcr-1 gene recovered from pigs in Lima-Peru

Microevolution of epidemiological highly relevant non-O157 enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli of serogroups O26 and O111

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Detection of the Emerging Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O26:H11/H ⁻ Sequence Type 29 (ST29) Clone in Human Patients and Healthy Cattle in Switzerland

Characteristics of Emerging Human-Pathogenic Escherichia coli O26:H11 Strains Isolated in France between 2010 and 2013 and Carrying the stx _2d Gene Only

Characteristics of Emerging Human-Pathogenic Escherichia coli O26:H11 Strains Isolated in France between 2010 and 2013 and Carrying the stx _2d Gene Only