Detection of the chemical warfare agents bis-(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine (HN-1) and tris-(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN-3) in air

Stuff, John R.; Cheicante, Richard L.; Durst, H. D.; Ruth, Jill L.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(99)00585-3

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Gas-chromatography with mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) has been used for CWA detection, 11,12 including mobile GC-MS instruments for near-real-time CWA detection. 13 One of the problems with GC-MS is the unmixing of a mass spectrum for co-eluted analytes. 14,15 This problem is greatly reduced in GCxGC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical warfare agent detection in complex environments with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

Reichenbach

Kottapalli

et al. 2003

SPIE Proceedings

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Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) is an emerging technology for chemical separation that provides an order-of-magnitude increase in separation capacity over traditional gas chromatography. GCxGC separates chemical species with two capillary columns interfaced by two-stage thermal desorption. Because GCxGC is comprehensive and has high separation capacity, it can perform multiple traditional analytical methods with a single analysis. GCxGC has great potential for a wide variety of environmental sensing applications, including detection of chemical warfare agents (CWA) and other harmful chemicals.This paper demonstrates separation of nerve agents sarin and soman from a matrix of gasoline and diesel fuel. Using a combination of an initial column separating on the basis of boiling point and a second column separating on the basis of polarity, GCxGC clearly separates the nerve agents from the thousands of other chemicals in the sample. The GCxGC data is visualized, processed, and analyzed as a two-dimensional digital image using a software system for GCxGC image processing developed at the University of Nebraska -Lincoln.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical warfare agent detection in complex environments with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

Reichenbach

Kottapalli

et al. 2003

SPIE Proceedings

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“…(47) The NPD is normally used not only in the analysis of nerve agents at trace level (48 -50) but also for the detection of nitrogen mustards. (51) The flame photometric detector (FPD) is the most widely used detector for sulfur-containing chemicals. Besides sulfur, it is selective for phosphorus, which makes it a very suitable detector for both nerve agents and sulfur-containing mustards.…”

Section: Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Chromatography in Screening of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention

Kostiainen¹

2011

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Various gas chromatographic methods, which are useful for the screening of Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)‐related chemicals, are described in this section. Choice of columns, detectors, and injection techniques, crucial to the optimization of gas chromatography (GC) as a routine screening tool, are discussed. Also, various identification methods are described. The use of the retention indices (RIs) method allowing identification without the need for an authentic chemical is described in detail. RIs are used as an identification method together with electron ionization mass spectrometry (EIMS) in the on‐site analysis method established by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).

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“…Due to its alkylating properties, it can be designated as a potential precursor of some other toxic agents. [13] To determine HN-3, the methods such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC), [14] high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), [15][16][17][18][19][20] gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), [21] polarography, [22] electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, [23] and infra-red spectrometry [24] have been developed. There are also the simple chemical methods of detection and the determination of HN-3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction‐spectrophotometric determination of tris(2‐chloroethyl)amine using phthaleins

Rozsypal

Halámek

2016

Drug Testing and Analysis

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Procedures for the extraction-spectrophotometric determination of tris(2-chloroethyl)amine, an alkylating agent known as a drug as well as a chemical warfare agent (nitrogen mustard HN-3), with 7 acid-base indicators of a triphenylmethane lactone type, phthaleins, were developed. Representatives of phthaleins without an oxygen bridge (thymolphthalein, o-cresolphthalein, naphtholphthalein) and with an oxygen bridge (fluorescein, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein, eosin B and eosin Y) were used. The methods were based on the formation of ion pair complexes. Chloroform was used as a non-polar solvent for an extraction. The conditions to determine were optimized for the optimal pH of the buffer and the concentration of a phthalein as a reagent. The dependence on the reaction time in a water phase and the stoichiometry of extraction products were studied. The detection limits and the limits of the determination of separate procedures and conditional extraction constants were determined. Comparison with the spectrophotometric method of the group determination of alkyl halides and acyl halides using alkaline ethanol-water solution of thymolphthalein, the so-called T-135 agent, was conducted. While studying the selectivity, the possible interference of bis(2-chloroethyl)sulphide and 3 nitrogen mustards in the proposed procedures were verified. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Detection of the chemical warfare agents bis-(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine (HN-1) and tris-(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN-3) in air

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

Chemical warfare agent detection in complex environments with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

Chemical warfare agent detection in complex environments with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

Gas Chromatography in Screening of Chemicals Related to the Chemical Weapons Convention

Extraction‐spectrophotometric determination of tris(2‐chloroethyl)amine using phthaleins

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