Detection of Small Ruminant Lentivirus in environmental samples of air and water

Villoria, M.; Leginagoikoa, I.; Luján, Lluís; Perez, Michel; Salazar, E.; Berriatua, E.; Juste, Ramón A.; Minguijón, E.

doi:10.1016/j.smallrumres.2012.11.025

Cited by 32 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…There are open questions about transmission through cell-associated virus versus free viral particles [212,213,214]. While recent advances have provided important clues [215], there is still no way to reliably measure shedding of OvLV in ways meaningful for natural transmission. The development of such a measure is an important research need to facilitate identification of superspreader individuals.…”

Section: Future Opportunities and Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding Possibilities for Intervention against Small Ruminant Lentiviruses through Genetic Marker-Assisted Selective Breeding

White

Knowles

2013

Viruses

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Small ruminant lentiviruses include members that infect sheep (ovine lentivirus [OvLV]; also known as ovine progressive pneumonia virus/maedi-visna virus) and goats (caprine arthritis encephalitis virus [CAEV]). Breed differences in seroprevalence and proviral concentration of OvLV had suggested a strong genetic component in susceptibility to infection by OvLV in sheep. A genetic marker test for susceptibility to OvLV has been developed recently based on the TMEM154 gene with validation data from over 2,800 sheep representing nine cohorts. While no single genotype has been shown to have complete resistance to OvLV, consistent association in thousands of sheep from multiple breeds and management conditions highlight a new strategy for intervention by selective breeding. This genetic marker-assisted selection (MAS) has the potential to be a useful addition to existing viral control measures. Further, the discovery of multiple additional genomic regions associated with susceptibility to or control of OvLV suggests that additional genetic marker tests may be developed to extend the reach of MAS in the future. This review will cover the strengths and limitations of existing data from host genetics as an intervention and outline additional questions for future genetic research in sheep, goats, small ruminant lentiviruses, and their host-pathogen interactions.

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Section: Future Opportunities and Needsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding Possibilities for Intervention against Small Ruminant Lentiviruses through Genetic Marker-Assisted Selective Breeding

White

Knowles

2013

Viruses

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“…Studies have shown that horizontal transmission is the most important route for the maintenance of the virus in sheep herds (BROUGHTON-NEISWANGER et al, 2010), occurring more easily in situations of high population density due to permanent exposure to seropositive animals. Consequently, animals can come into contact with contaminated secretions (BLACKLAWS et al, 2004;BROUGHTON-NEISWANGER et al, 2010;VILLORIA et al, 2013) and become infected by inhaling aerosols or ingesting water containing viral particles (VILLORIA et al, 2013).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiological study of maedi-visna in sheep in Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, and Sergipe States

Alves

Teixeira

Pinheiro

et al. 2018

SCA

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The production performance of a livestock herd can be compromised by various diseases. In sheep, maedi-visna (MV) infections, which have a chronic nature, are caused by a virus (maedi-visna virus (MVV)) belonging to the genus Lentivirus of the Retroviridae family. The infection can cause significant economic losses and has considerable health impacts on sheep breeding in production systems. Due to the importance of this disease in sheep flocks, the objective was to conduct a serosurvey of MVV in the states of Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Paraíba (PB), and Sergipe (SE). A total of, 3332 serum samples were collected in the four states, 1011 in CE, 931 in RN, 459 in PB, and 931 in SE, with the number of samples proportional to the actual herd size of each state. The samples were analyzed using the agar gel microimmunodiffusion test (AGID). Reproducers were revaluated using western blotting (WB). In addition to this serological survey, we administered an investigative questionnaire to identify possible risk factors that facilitate the introduction and spread of diseases (location, category, sex, breed type, creation system, production, herd size, and association with goats). After analysis of the sera using the AGID test, there was zero prevalence. Revaluating breeders by WB revealed a 5.5% prevalence of MV in the four states studied, with prevalences for the states of CE, RN, Paraiba, and SE of 2.3% (2/88), 10.4% (8/77), 3.6% (1/28), and 4.7% (2/42), respectively, corresponding to 13 breeders containing antibodies to the virus. These findings emphasized that the choice of diagnostic tests is extremely important for the early detection of seropositive animals and thus the prevention of the spread of the virus among herds in the region.

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“…In general, many researchers support that the airborne transmission can be an equally significant route of transmission as the vertical transmission. For this reason, the segregation of newborn lambs or non-infected animals from the infected ones is of major importance for the control of MVV transmission [3,15,65]. The significance of transmission through contaminated barns, sheds, feeding and water equipment and pastures or reusable veterinary equipment has not been fully clarified [6,15].…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Etiology, Epizootiology and Control of Maedi-Visna in Dairy Sheep: A Review

Kalogianni

Bossis

Ekateriniadou³

et al. 2020

Animals

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Maedi-visna (MV) in sheep is caused by maedi-visna virus (MVV), a small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) that causes chronic infection and inflammatory lesions in infected animals. Pneumonia and mastitis are its predominant clinical manifestations, and the tissues infected by MVV are mainly the lungs, the mammary gland, the nervous system and the joints. MV has a worldwide distribution with distinct MVV transmission patterns depending on circulating strains and regionally applied control/eradication schemes. Nevertheless, the prevalence rate of MV universally increases. Currently, gaps in understanding the epizootiology of MV, the continuous mutation of existing and the emergence of new small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) strains, lack of an effective detection protocol and the inefficiency of currently applied preventive measures render elimination of MV an unrealistic target. Therefore, modifications on the existing MV surveillance and control schemes on an evidentiary basis are necessary. Updated control schemes require the development of diagnostic protocols for the early and definitive diagnosis of MVV infections. The objectives of this review are to summarize the current knowledge in the epizootiology and control of MV in dairy sheep, to describe the research framework and to cover existing gaps in understanding future challenges regarding MV.

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Detection of Small Ruminant Lentivirus in environmental samples of air and water

Cited by 32 publications

References 24 publications

Expanding Possibilities for Intervention against Small Ruminant Lentiviruses through Genetic Marker-Assisted Selective Breeding

Expanding Possibilities for Intervention against Small Ruminant Lentiviruses through Genetic Marker-Assisted Selective Breeding

Seroepidemiological study of maedi-visna in sheep in Ceara, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, and Sergipe States

Etiology, Epizootiology and Control of Maedi-Visna in Dairy Sheep: A Review

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