Detection of Single Nanoparticles Using the Dissipative Interaction in a High-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Q</mml:mi></mml:math>Microcavity

Shen, Bo; Yu, Xiaoqian; Zhi, Yanyan; Wang, Li; Kim, Donghyun; Gong, Qihuang; Xiao, Yun‐Feng

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.5.024011

Cited by 86 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In addition, PCNCs with ultra-high sensitivity, quality factor and ultra-small mode volume opens up the possibility to push the detection limit down to single nanoparticle level [44]. Furthermore, the sensitivity and detection limit can be enhanced by introducing SPR into PCNCs in the future, which has been employed in WGM cavities [68]…”

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confidence: 99%

Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavities for Nanoscale Optical Sensing: A Review

et al. 2020

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The ability to detect nanoscale objects is particular crucial for a wide range of applications, such as environmental protection, early-stage disease diagnosis and drug discovery. Photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNC) sensors have attracted great attention due to high-quality factors and small-mode volumes (Q/V) and good on-chip integrability with optical waveguides/circuits. In this review, we focus on nanoscale optical sensing based on PCNC sensors, including ultrahigh figure of merit (FOM) sensing, single nanoparticle trapping, label-free molecule detection and an integrated sensor array for multiplexed sensing. We believe that the PCNC sensors featuring ultracompact footprint, high monolithic integration capability, fast response and ultrahigh sensitivity sensing ability, etc., will provide a promising platform for further developing lab-on-a-chip devices for biosensing and other functionalities.Micromachines 2020, 11, 72 2 of 20 microcavities confine the light in a small volume, leading to significant enhancement of light-matter interaction, resulting in ultra-high sensitivity (S) and a low detection limit. When subject to slight environmental changes, the spectral properties change can be obtained, e.g., resonator wavelength shift [20][21][22] and mode broadening [23].The main types of optical microcavities include whispering gallery mode (WGM) cavities, Fabry-Perot (F-P) cavities and photonic crystal (PhC) cavities [24]. Among these, PhC cavities have been investigated as advantageous platforms due to their ultra-high Q/V enabling the enhancement of lightmatter interactions. Particularly, compared with two-dimensional (2D) PhC cavities, one-dimensional photonic crystal nanobeam cavities (1D-PCNCs) attract great attention for their ultra-sensitive optical sensing and lab-on-a-chip applications, owing to their ultra-compact size, ultra-small mode volume, high integrability with bus-waveguide and excellent complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible properties [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].In this review, we will focus on nanoscale optical sensing based on 1D-PCNCs. The structure of the review is organized as follows. A comprehensive overview about basic properties and sensing mechanisms of 1D-PCNCs sensors is discussed in Section 2. In Section 3, firstly, we introduce the efforts to pursue ultra-high figure of merit (FOM) in refractive index (RI) sensing based on 1D-PCNCs. Secondly, we outline the applications of 1D-PCNC sensors on single nanoparticle and label-free molecule (viruses, proteins and DNAs) detection. Thirdly, a monolithic integrated 1D-PCNC sensor array for multiplexed sensing is introduced explicitly. In addition, we present other sensing applications of 1D-PCNC sensors such as temperature sensing and optomechanical sensing, etc. Next, we review the nanofabrication and coupling techniques in the development of 1D-PCNC sensors in Section 4. Finally, we draw a brief conclusion. Figure 2. (a) Schematic of photonic circuits. The green lines, red boxes and black boxes represe...

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confidence: 99%

Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavities for Nanoscale Optical Sensing: A Review

et al. 2020

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“…5, and the detailed simulation conditions can be found in Ref. [63]. Although the magnitudes of the linewidth change and the mode shift do not fall exactly on the experimental results due to the nonuniform size distribution of the the nanorods as well as their random position on the cavity and orientation, the general trend is the same, for example, the linewidth change is larger than the mode shift at 680 nm, and vice versa at 635 nm [63].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…As the wavelength increases, the real part of the particle polarizability turns from negative to positive values. When Re[α] = 0 at a wavelength close to SPR, the dipole moment of the nanoparticle has a π/2 phase difference with the evanescent field, and the coupling energy between the nanoparticle and the cavity is zero, resulting in a zero mode shift [63]. The positive mode frequency shift in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Singe Nanoparticle detection using the dissipative interaction with a high-Q microcavity

Zhi

Wang

et al. 2016

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics

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Ultrasensitive optical detection of nanometer-scaled particles is highly desirable for applications in early-stage diagnosis of human diseases, environmental monitoring, and homeland security, but remains extremely difficult due to ultralow polarizabilities of small-sized, low-index particles. Optical whispering-gallery-mode microcavities, which can enhance significantly the light-matter interaction, have emerged as promising platforms for label-free detection of nanoscale objects. Different from the conventional whispering-gallery-mode sensing relying on the reactive (i.e., dispersive) interaction , here we propose and demonstrate to detect single lossy nanoparticles using the dissipative interaction in a high-Q toroidal microcavity. In the experiment, detection of single gold nanorods in an aqueous environment is realized by monitoring simultaneously the linewidth change and shift of the cavity mode. The experimental result falls within the theoretical prediction. Remarkably, the reactive and dissipative sensing methods are evaluated by setting the probe wavelength on and off the surface plasmon resonance to tune the absorption of nanorods, which demonstrates clearly the great potential of the dissipative sensing method to detect lossy nanoparticles. Future applications could also combine the dissipative and reactive sensing methods, which may provide better characterizations of nanoparticles.

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“…High-quality whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical resonators have emerged as a promising platform for compact and ultrahigh sensitive sensing over the past two decades [1][2][3], which have been studied theoretically and experimentally in various sensing applications, including solution and gas sensors, thermal sensors, humidity sensors, magnetometers [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Advantageously, WGM resonators can also detect, at a single particle level, nanoparticle, bio-molecule, and even atomic ions [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Based on WGM resonators, the sensing is typically realized by measuring the spectral changes in high resolution using a tunable laser or an optical spectrometer [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on WGM resonators, the sensing is typically realized by measuring the spectral changes in high resolution using a tunable laser or an optical spectrometer [6][7][8][9][10]. These spectral changes include mode shift, splitting and broadening, which is called reactive sensing [5,13,16,[20][21][22][23][24]. Alternatively, when WGM resonators detect absorptive target analytes, the probe light may be strongly absorbed and then the linewidth of WGM resonator mode is significantly broadened, which is exploited to implement the dissipative sensing [16,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Parameter Sensing in a Multimode Self-Interference Micro-Ring Resonator by Machine Learning

Dong

Zou

Ren

et al. 2020

Sensors

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A universal multi-parameter sensing scheme based on a self-interference micro-ring resonator (SIMRR) is proposed. Benefit from the special intensity sensing mechanism, the SIMRR allows multimode sensing in a wide range of wavelengths but immune from frequency noise. To process the multiple mode spectra that are dependent on multiple parameters, we adopt the machine learning algorithm instead of massive asymptotic solutions of resonators. Employing the proposed multi-mode sensing approach, a two-parameter SIMRR sensor is designed. Assuming that two gases have different wavelength dependence of refractive indices, the feasibility and effectiveness of the two-parameter sensing strategy are verified numerically. Moreover, the dependence of parameter estimation accuracy on the laser intensity noises is also investigated. The numerical results indicate that our scheme of multi-parameter sensing in a multimode SIMRR holds great potential for practical high-sensitive sensing platforms compared with the single-mode sensing based on whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators.

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Detection of Single Nanoparticles Using the Dissipative Interaction in a High-QMicrocavity

Cited by 86 publications

References 68 publications

Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavities for Nanoscale Optical Sensing: A Review

Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavities for Nanoscale Optical Sensing: A Review

Singe Nanoparticle detection using the dissipative interaction with a high-Q microcavity

Multi-Parameter Sensing in a Multimode Self-Interference Micro-Ring Resonator by Machine Learning

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