Detection of short tandem repeats at 5 loci and amelogenin with cell-free fetal DNA as a specimen in the development of prenatal paternity diagnostic tests

Abstract

Introduction: A prenatal paternity test is one widely-used method of determining the paternity of an unborn child. Such tests using chorionic villus or amniocentesis may increase the risk of harm to both mother and foetus. In the present day, a prenatal paternity test using circulating cell-free fetal Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is one alternative method due to it being non-invasive and safe for both mother and foetus. Aim: The aim of this study is to detect Short Tandem Repeat (STR) at 5 Loci (vWA, TH01, D13S317, D18S51, and D21S11) and amelogenin genes in circulating cell-free fetal DNA in paternity tests. Materials and methods: Forty-one samples of maternal blood were obtained from pregnant woman. Circulating free fetal DNA was subsequently extracted. A paternity test was conducted using an STR test at loci vWA, TH01, D13S317, D18S51, D21S11 in circulating free fetal DNA. An analysis of the paternity test between loci > 200 bp and < 200 bp was also conducted to establish the sensitivity of the test. Results: There was a significant difference between maternal blood DNA and circulating cell-free fetal DNA (p = 0.000 D13S317; p = 0.000 D21S11; p = 0.000 D18S51; p = 0.000 vWA; p = 0.000 TH01; and p = 0.000 amelogenin genes). The locus < 200 bp also had a higher sensitivity than locus > 200 bp. Conclusion: Circulating free fetal DNA can be used as an alternative sample for prenatal paternity tests because of its similarity with maternal DNA.

Full-sibling allelic frequency and sharing among Madurese: STR technique by 12 locus and the sex-typing amelogenin gene

“…According to Wenk, Traver, and Chiafari (1996), allele sharing in the determination of sibling is of use to strongly establish a relationship when both two alleles are involved. Commenting on practice, it is even further advised that, if possible each community with their respective laboratory should establish their own STR loci that would attain a highly discriminative relation of its individual, one being through sibship relation (Tzeng et al 2000) and for gender determination, for example, STR5 system by Loci (vWA, TH01, D13S317, D18S51, and D21S11) and amelogenin genes in cell-free fetal DNA (Sosiawan et al 2018). STR12 loci system analysis is one of the primary technologies for genetic human identification (forensic science, paternity, and some anthropological studies) with good validity, accuracy specificity, and sensitivity (Krenke et al 2005).…”

Inheritance Pattern of Lip Prints and Blood Group among Parents and their Offspring in Javanese Population, Indonesia for Assisting Forensic Identification

“…In some cases, such as sexual abuse, the lipstick and bloodstains are often found in a crime scene and become a piece of evidence that correlated with the victim or the suspected person. Untraced lipstick stain on any objects may be easily lifted by aluminum and magnetic powder [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] .…”

Potential Use of Cell Free Fetal DNA at 13 Short Tandem Repeats Loci for Noninvasive Prenatal Paternity Test

“…16 Besides that, the size of the fetal free cell DNA is shorter than maternal DNA. 17 Failure to identify the D13S317 and D5S818 loci can also be caused by amplification's errors or the occurrence of false negatives.on the results of the DNA multiplication process.…”

“…Research by Agung Sosiswan which only used 5 STR loci, vWA, TH01, D13S317, D18S51, D21S11 also gave the same results. 17 The strength of this research is using 13 STR loci.…”