Detection of respiratory syncytial, parainfluenza type 2, and adenovirus antigens by radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay on nasopharyngeal specimens from children with acute respiratory disease

Sarkkinen, Hannu; Halonen, Pekka; Arstila, Pertti; Salmi, A.

doi:10.1128/jcm.13.2.258-265.1981

Cited by 143 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This last advantage eliminates the problems of storage and transport of the samples, as well as the diagnostic problems later in the course of illness. Recent studies have shown that the sensitivity and the specificity of ELISA and RIA were comparable to those obtained by the immunofluorescence tec]anique or by conventional isolation techniques (Minnich and Ray, 1980: Sarkkinen et al, 1981a: Sarkkinen et al, 1981b.…”

Section: Efficiency and Performance Of Rapid Diagnostic Testsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The validity of rapid diagnosis of respiratory tract viral diseases was tested by antigen detection in a pilot project during an outbreak in Berlin, during the winter of 1980. The RIAs and the ELISAs were performed according to the methods of Sarkkinen et al (1981aSarkkinen et al ( , 1981bSarkkinen et al ( , 1981c and Halonen et al (1983). The purpose of the study was to test the efficiency of a four-layer RIA or enzyme immunoassay, respectively, in comparison with conventional isolation techniques in the routine work of the laboratory with unselected clinical specimens.…”

Section: Efficiency and Performance Of Rapid Diagnostic Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid diagnosis of respiratory virus infections in patients with acute respiratory disease

Habermehl¹

1986

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

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Viral respirator 5" in(ectians represent a significant segment of the total respiratory disease speclrum; however, until reeentl 5" the laboralory diagnosis oJ viral respiratory infections was relalirely im;f#icient. Development of new and hnproved immunologic assay systems has paved the way for accurate and reliable rapid diagnostic tests that detect viral antigens in clinical specialens. We conducted a careful and elaborate study in which radioimmunoassay for antigen detection was compared with u battery of tissue culture systems for viral isolation and iden-ti#Tcati(m. Using a lTne plastic catheter, a specimen of mucus was aspirated from the nasopharynx o.f patients with clinical signs and symptoms of acute viral upper respiratory tract infections. Each spechnen was divided into two portions; one was used to inoculate a variety o.f tissue culture cell lines and the other was used for radioimmunoassay tests for influenza A and B. adenavirus, parainfluenza 1, 2, and 3, and respiratory syncytial virus. Radioimmunoassav results campared very favorably with the tissue culture data with on/v one exception-adenovirus. Essentially this degree of accuracy and reproducibility was obtained with an enzrnle-liaked imnmnosorbent assay test. which has replaced radioimmunoassa.r. Tissue cultures are still used for backup, but with a rapid antigen detection system in place, coupled with a modern computer program ta facilitate the laboratory data to the clinician, considerable strides hare been nlade, and will continue to be made, in the diagnosis and therapy of viral respirat()r 5" tract infections.

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Section: Efficiency and Performance Of Rapid Diagnostic Testsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Efficiency and Performance Of Rapid Diagnostic Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid diagnosis of respiratory virus infections in patients with acute respiratory disease

Habermehl¹

1986

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

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“…(ii) ELISA. The ELISA for detection of antigens from RSVs; adenoviruses; parainfluenza viruses 1, 2, and 3; and influenza viruses A and B in NPAs was performed as previously described (14,24).…”

Section: Patients and Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Detection of Acute Rhinovirus Infections by a Rapid Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay

2001

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The development of a rhinovirus (RV)-RNA-specific reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay is complicated by the close homology between the RV and enterovirus (EV) genomes in the highly conserved 5-noncoding region, which is chosen for primer design in most RT-PCR assays. We have developed a sensitive, rapid, and RV-specific nested RT-PCR assay and have used it to test nasopharyngeal aspirates from 556 patients presenting with acute respiratory tract infections. RV RNA was detected by nested RT-PCR not only in all of 52 samples that were RV positive by virus isolation methods but also in 124 of 367 samples that were negative by virus isolation methods and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, in 23 of 137 samples that were positive for a different respiratory virus by virus isolation and/or ELISA, RV RNA was detected by RT-PCR. EVs, adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, coronaviruses, and influenza and parainfluenza viruses, including clinical isolates as well as stock viruses, were not amplified in our RV-specific RT-PCR assay, indicating that this assay was highly specific. The processing time was less than 2 days for the RT-PCR, as opposed to up to 2 weeks for virus isolation. These results indicate that nested RT-PCR is more sensitive than conventional methods for the detection of RV in patients experiencing acute respiratory tract infections and represents the only reliable tool for the early laboratory diagnosis of RV infections. This is especially important in light of new opportunities for therapy currently being developed.Human rhinoviruses (RVs) cause an estimated one-third to one-half of all acute respiratory tract infections throughout the year (5, 17) and account for the majority of respiratory illnesses during spring and fall (6). Infections with RVs are usually limited to the upper respiratory tract. However, these viruses have also been shown to be involved in acute otitis media (2), sinusitis (22), and lower respiratory tract infections (5, 21).Infants, the elderly, and people with conditions associated with preexisting airway inflammation such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and tobacco smoking are at especially high risk for severe complications in the course of RV infections, including wheezing, exacerbations of asthma, small-airway obstruction, bronchitis, and pneumonia (6, 10). Due to the existence of more than 100 different RV serotypes, previous infection does not confer complete immunity, and individuals therefore frequently experience reinfection by an other serotype.Enteroviruses (EVs), a genus within the family Picornaviridae, that is distinct from the RVs, may cause quite similar clinical symptoms of acute respiratory tract infections, particularly in young children (16). Both EVs and RVs are singlestranded RNA viruses with a highly conserved 5Ј-noncoding region (5Ј-NCR) common to all serotypes of EVs and RVs.Previously developed reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays for the detection of RV RNA in respiratory secretions took advantage of the 5Ј-NCR by using several s...

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“…Certain serotypes are associated with epidemics of pneumonia, and other respiratory tract infections (39). Diagnosis of adenovirus infection was traditionally based on serology and virus isolation, but more recently, immunoassays directed against viral antigens have been used (40,41).…”

Section: Adenovirus (Ad)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleic acid analysis by sandwich hybridization

Nicholls

Malcolm

1989

Clinical Laboratory Analysis

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P e t e r J o h n N i c h o l l s . A T h e s i s S u b m it t e d f o r t h e D e g r e e o f D o c t o r o f P h i lo s o p h y o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f L o n d o n . C h a r i n g C r o s s a n d W e s t m in s t e r M e d i c a l S c h o o l.M a r c h , 1 9 8 9 . 2 A b s t r a c t . T h e n u c l e i c a c i d -b a s e d t e s t s c u r r e n t l y u s e d f o r t h e d e t e c t io n o f i n h e r i t e d a n d i n f e c t i o u s d i s e a s e a r e s e n s i t i v e a n d s p e c i f i c , b u t n o t a lw a y s r e p r o d u c ib le , b e c a u s e o f p r o c e d u r a l c o m p l e x i t i e s ; t h i s i n t u r n m eans t h a t t h e y a r e n o t a m e n a b le t o a u t o m a t io n . S u c h t e s t s a r e n o t c o s t -e f f e c t i v e , a r e l i m i t e d i n t h e num ber o f s a m p le s w h ic h c a n b e p r o c e s s e d a t o n c e , a n d m o s t com m only r e l y o n u n s t a b le i s o t o p i c a l l y l a b e l l e d p r o b e s , w h ic h a r e h a z a r d o u s t o h a n d le a n d d i s p o s e o f . A n u c l e i c a c i d s a n d w ic h h y b r i d i z a t i o n a s s a y h a s b e e n d e v e lo p e d , i n i t i a l l y u s i n g c lo n e d hum an p a p i l l o m a v i r u s (H PV) s e q u e n c e s a s a m o d e l, a n d s u b s e q u e n t ly f o r t h e d e t e c t io n a n d t y p i n g o f H PV i n f e c t i o n i n c e r v i c a l s c r a p e s . T h e i m p l i c a t i o n s o f c e r v i c a l HPV i n f e c t i o n a r e o f c l i n i c a l s i g n i f i c a n c e , b e c a u s e o f t h e r e l a t i v e l y r e c e n t a c c u m u la t io n o f e v id e n c e l i n k i n g s p e c i f i c H PV t y p e s w i t h t h e a e t i o l o g y o f c e r v i c a l c a n c e r . C o n s i d e r i n g t h a t v i r a l t y p e c o u ld h a v e a g r e a t i n f l u e n c e o n t h e p r o g n o s i s o f i n f e c t i o n , a n d t h a t im m u n o lo g ic a l a s s a y s a r e n o t c a p a b leo f d i f f e r e n t i a t i n g b e tw e e n t y p e s , t h e s a n d w ic h h y b r i d i z a t i o n t e c h n iq u e , w h ic h c o u ld h a n d le l a r g e n um bers o f s a m p le s , w o u ld b e a n i n v a l u a b l e t o o l f o r im p r o v in g t h e e f f i c a c y o f t h e c e r v i c a l s c r e e n i n g p rogram m e. T o Mun a n d D ad, w ith a l l n y lo v e . T h e a s s a y r e q u i r e s tw o d i s t i n c t , n o n -o v e r la p p i n g ENA fr a g m e n t s , d e r iv e d fr o m a d j a c e n t p o s i t i o n s o n t h e v i r a l genom e. One f r a g m e n t (A ) i s c o v a l e n t l y a t t a c h e d t o a S-T h a n k s f o r m a k in g t h i s p o s s i b l e - 5T h e kncw n i s f i n i t e , t h e unknow n i n f i n i t e ; i n t e l l e c t u a l l y we s t a n d o n a n i s l e t i n t h e m id s t o f a n i l l i m i t a b l e o c e a n o f i n e x p l i c a b i l i t y . O u r b u s i n e s s i n e v e r y g e n e r a t io n i s t o r e c l a i m a l i t t l e m ore la n d .T .H . H u x le y , 1 8 8 7 . F i r s t a n d f o r e m o s t ,...

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Detection of respiratory syncytial, parainfluenza type 2, and adenovirus antigens by radioimmunoassay and enzyme immunoassay on nasopharyngeal specimens from children with acute respiratory disease

Cited by 143 publications

References 14 publications

Rapid diagnosis of respiratory virus infections in patients with acute respiratory disease

Rapid diagnosis of respiratory virus infections in patients with acute respiratory disease

Early Detection of Acute Rhinovirus Infections by a Rapid Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay

Nucleic acid analysis by sandwich hybridization

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