Early Detection of Acute Rhinovirus Infections by a Rapid Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay

Steininger, Christoph; Aberle, Stephan W.; Popow‐Kraupp, Theresia

doi:10.1128/jcm.39.1.129-133.2001

Cited by 57 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(41 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In particular, for the adenovirus an aliquot of DNA was prepared according to the method suggested by Marin et al (16). For rhinovirus, the aliquots of RNA samples were reversed in two cDNA according to the method of Steininger et al (17). For the detection of influenza A virus, we used the methods of Steininger et al (18).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble Adhesion Molecules and Cytokines in Children Affected by Recurrent Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The objective of this study was to compare plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules and Th1-Th2 type cytokines in 44 children with frequently recurrent respiratory infections (FRRI) of upper airways, defined as having nine or more episodes per year, and in 34 children without recurrence; all subjects were followed-up for 12 mo. The viral etiology was determined by cultures from nasal, pharyngeal, and ear secretions, using PCR and immunofluorescence. Plasma levels of five soluble adhesion molecules (E-selectin, P-selectin, L-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) and interferon (IFN)-␥, IL-12, IL-4, and IL-10 were measured in patients and in 15 healthy controls using sandwich ELISA. During acute phase, all patients showed significant increase in plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules; during the followup, the levels were greater in children with FRRI. A difference of cytokine profile was demonstrated between the patients with and without FRRI: an increased IL-4 and IL-10 release with decreased levels of IFN-␥ and IL-12 suggested a skewing into Th2-type response, in patients with FRRI. This pattern persisted during the follow-up. In patients without recurrence, an increased IFN-␥ and IL-12 release, together with decreased levels of IL-4 and IL-10, showed a skewing into Th1-type responses; in the follow-up these cytokines reached normal values. In conclusion, the abnormal levels of all examined parameters in children with FRRI may reflect the persistence of an inflammatory microenvironment in the airways and an activation of the immune system that may contribute to the frequently recurrence of the respiratory disease. Infections of the URTI are the most common cause of viral morbidity in children. They represent the most frequent managed problem in general pediatric practice (1) and are responsible for more than one third of school absences (2). Many different immunologic problems can concur to the development of respiratory infections (3). Disorders of the aspecific humoral and the specific cellular defense are the principal cause of inflammation in the upper respiratory diseases (4). The recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells at the site of infection involve the expression of leukocyte and vascular adhesion molecules and the generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to the injury of lung epithelial and endothelial barriers (5). An important role in the early transient adhesion phases of leukocytes is mediated by the selectin family, which includes three distinct carbohydrate receptors expressed by either endothelial cells (E-selectin), leukocytes (L-selectin), or platelets and endothelial cells (P-selectin) (6). ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 are membrane glycoproteins, belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily; ICAM-1 are widely expressed on respiratory epithelial cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and, together with VCAM-1, on vascular endothelial cells (7,8). These adhesion molecules, after a proteolytic cleavage, are found as so...

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soluble Adhesion Molecules and Cytokines in Children Affected by Recurrent Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Respiratory and serum samples from all 7 patients were negative for MERS-CoV. The respiratory samples were also tested for influenza A and B viruses and for rhinoviruses, as previously described (7)(8)(9). Of the 7 patients, 3 were positive for influenza B virus, 2 for influenza A(H3N2) virus, and 2 for rhinoviruses (Table).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza A and B Viruses but Not MERS-CoV in Hajj Pilgrims, Austria, 2014

Aberle¹,

Popow‐Kraupp²,

Kreidl³

et al. 2015

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…HRV are responsible for a substantial proportion of upper respiratory illnesses (19). Because infectious HRV are difficult to recover from clinical samples, it has been postulated that HRV may be responsible for other respiratory illnesses currently of unknown etiology (1,8,18,24). The fact that less than 1 50% tissue culture infectious dose of HRV caused an experimental human rhinovirus infection (5) suggests that tissue culture may not efficiently detect HRV.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Results of Detection of Rhinovirus by PCR and Viral Culture in Human Nasal Wash Specimens from Subjects with and without Clinical Symptoms of Respiratory Illness

et al. 2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Human rhinoviruses (HRV) cause acute upper respiratory illness. The frequency of HRV-associated illnesses appears greater when PCR assays are used to detect rhinoviruses. The present study performed PCR-based detection of HRV upon entry of subjects into respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza type 3 vaccine trials when subjects were symptom-free and upon subsequent development of clinical symptoms of respiratory illness during the trial. The background of HRV PCR positivity in symptom-free individuals (30/139 [22%]) was only slightly lower than in those with respiratory illness (28/77 [36%]). For subjects with multiple samples, it was estimated that HRV was detectable by PCR for approximately 100 days before, during, and after clinical symptoms were documented. PCR is a remarkably more sensitive method of detecting HRV than is tissue culture. The presence of HRV RNA may not always reflect an association with infectious virus production. The limited association of HRV RNA with illness suggests caution in assigning causality of HRV PCR positivity to clinical symptoms of respiratory illness.Over 100 serotypes of human rhinoviruses (HRV), members of the family Picornaviridae, have been identified through community surveillance of respiratory illness (19). HRV has traditionally been identified by growth in tissue culture, as characterized by cytopathic effect. HRV are differentiated from enteroviruses by the capacity to grow at 33°C and acid lability. HRV are responsible for a substantial proportion of upper respiratory illnesses (19). Because infectious HRV are difficult to recover from clinical samples, it has been postulated that HRV may be responsible for other respiratory illnesses currently of unknown etiology (1,8,18,24). The fact that less than 1 50% tissue culture infectious dose of HRV caused an experimental human rhinovirus infection (5) suggests that tissue culture may not efficiently detect HRV. Recent reports suggest that PCR detection extends the scope of HRV illness to include lower respiratory tract illness (10) and establishes a strong association between rhinovirus and exacerbations of asthma (12,26). HRV has been shown to replicate in cells of both the upper (14, 27) and lower (21) respiratory tracts and can grow at the higher temperature of the lower respiratory tract (22).However, more limited studies have detected HRV by PCR in 12 to 20% of asymptomatic children and in a relatively high percentage of adenoid and tonsillar tissues, suggesting that identification of HRV by PCR may not necessarily confirm it as the etiologic agent (16,20,23,25). Identification of rhinovirus infection by PCR may not be accompanied by a serologic response, an unusual occurrence with most symptomatic respiratory viral infections (4).Clinical studies evaluating the safety of live, attenuated strains of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (17, 29) and parainfluenza virus type 3 (PIV3) (3) have recently been carried out with adults and children as young as 4 weeks of age. Nasal wash samples were collected from sympt...

show abstract

Early Detection of Acute Rhinovirus Infections by a Rapid Reverse Transcription-PCR Assay

Cited by 57 publications

References 25 publications

Soluble Adhesion Molecules and Cytokines in Children Affected by Recurrent Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract

Soluble Adhesion Molecules and Cytokines in Children Affected by Recurrent Infections of the Upper Respiratory Tract

Influenza A and B Viruses but Not MERS-CoV in Hajj Pilgrims, Austria, 2014

Comparison of Results of Detection of Rhinovirus by PCR and Viral Culture in Human Nasal Wash Specimens from Subjects with and without Clinical Symptoms of Respiratory Illness

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About