Detection of Pseudorabies in Dogs in Slovenia between 2006 and 2020: From Clinical and Diagnostic Features to Molecular Epidemiology

Černe, Danijela; Hostnik, Peter; Toplak, Ivan; Juntes, Polona; Paller, Tomislav; Kuhar, Urška

doi:10.1155/2023/4497806

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although PrV spillover infections are observed most commonly in farm dogs, in recent years cases of PrV in hunting dogs after direct contact with wild boar have been repeatedly reported from Europe [19,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], the United States [33][34][35] and China [36]. Pseudorabies has also been reported in wildlife [37] including farmed and free-living foxes (Vulpes vulpes) [38][39][40][41], endangered carnivores such as the Florida panther (Puma concolor couguar) [42], wolf (Canis lupus) [43][44][45], Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) [46], African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) [47] and captive brown bears (Ursus arctos) [48] after consumption of PrV-contaminated meat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 of wild boar origin as a recent source of Aujeszky’s disease in carnivores in Germany

Freuling

Hlinak

Schulze

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The high susceptibility of carnivores to Suid Alphaherpesvirus 1 [SuAHV1, synonymous pseudorabies virus (PrV)], renders them inadvertent sentinels for the possible occurrence of Aujeszky’s disease (AD) in domestic and wild swine populations. The aim of this study was to epidemiologically analyse the occurrence of PrV infections in domestic and wild animals in Germany during the last three decades and to genetically characterise the causative PrV isolates.Methods PrV in dogs were detected using standard virological techniques including conventional and real time PCR, virus isolation or by immunohistochemistry. Available PrV isolates were characterized by partial sequencing of the open gC reading frame and the genetic traits were compared with those of archived PrV isolates from carnivores and domestic pigs from Germany before the elimination of AD in the domestic pig population.Results During 1995 and 2022, a total of 38 cases of AD in carnivores, e.g. dogs and red foxes, were laboratory confirmed. Sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of PrV isolates established a strong connection between AD cases in carnivores and the occurrence of PrV infections in European wild boars in the end phase of and after elimination of AD from the domestic pig population. While PrV infections occur at low numbers but regularly in hunting dogs, interestingly, PrV was not observed in grey wolves in Germany. In none of 682 dead-found grey wolves and wolf-dog hybrids tested from Germany during 2014–2022 could PrV infection be detected by molecular means.Conclusions Although PrV has been eliminated from domestic pigs, spillover infections in domestic and wild carnivores should always be expected given the endemic presence of PrV in wild pig populations. Since detection of PrV DNA and virus in carnivores is sporadic even in areas with high seroprevalence of PrV in wild pigs, it may not reflect the full diversity of PrV.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 of wild boar origin as a recent source of Aujeszky’s disease in carnivores in Germany

Freuling

Hlinak

Schulze

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although PrV spillover infections are observed most commonly in farm dogs, in recent years cases of PrV in hunting dogs after direct contact with wild boars have been repeatedly reported from Europe [ 20 , 26 – 33 ], the United States [ 34 – 36 ] and China [ 37 ]. PrV infections have also been reported in wildlife [ 38 ] including farmed and free-living foxes ( Vulpes vulpes ) [ 39 – 42 ], endangered carnivores such as the Florida panther ( Puma concolor couguar ) [ 43 ], grey wolf ( Canis lupus ) [ 44 – 46 ], Iberian lynx ( Lynx pardinus ) [ 47 ], African wild dogs ( Lycaon pictus ) [ 48 ] and captive brown bears ( Ursus arctos ) [ 49 ] after consumption of PrV-contaminated meat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 of wild boar origin as a recent source of Aujeszky’s disease in carnivores in Germany

Freuling

Hlinak²,

Schulze³

et al. 2023

Virol J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The high susceptibility of carnivores to Suid Alphaherpesvirus 1 [SuAHV1, synonymous pseudorabies virus (PrV)], renders them inadvertent sentinels for the possible occurrence of Aujeszky’s disease (AD) in domestic and wild swine populations. The aim of this study was to epidemiologically analyse the occurrence of PrV infections in domestic and wild animals in Germany during the last three decades and to genetically characterise the causative PrV isolates. Methods PrV in dogs was detected using standard virological techniques including conventional and real time PCR, virus isolation or by immunohistochemistry. Available PrV isolates were characterized by partial sequencing of the open gC reading frame and the genetic traits were compared with those of archived PrV isolates from carnivores and domestic pigs from Germany before the elimination of AD in the domestic pig population. Results During 1995 and 2022, a total of 38 cases of AD in carnivores, e.g. dogs and red foxes, were laboratory confirmed. Sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of PrV isolates established a strong connection between AD cases in carnivores and the occurrence of PrV infections in European wild boars in the end phase of and after elimination of AD from the domestic pig population. While PrV infections occur at low numbers but regularly in hunting dogs, interestingly, PrV was not observed in grey wolves in Germany. In none of 682 dead-found grey wolves and wolf-dog hybrids tested from Germany during 2006–2022 could PrV infection be detected by molecular means. Conclusions Although PrV has been eliminated from domestic pigs, spillover infections in domestic and wild carnivores should always be expected given the endemic presence of PrV in wild pig populations. Since detection of PrV DNA and virus in carnivores is sporadic even in areas with high seroprevalence of PrV in wild pigs, it may not reflect the full diversity of PrV.

show abstract

A pseudorabies outbreak in hunting dogs in Campania region (Italy): a case presentation and epidemiological survey

Ferrara,

Pagnini,

Parisi

et al. 2024

BMC Vet Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Pseudorabies is an infection of domestic and wild pigs that has occasionally been reported in dogs with fatal encephalitis. Hunting dogs are predisposed to pseudorabies exposure due to incorrect practices (administration of raw infected meat) or close contact with infected wild boars. This study described an outbreak of pseudorabies in two hunting dogs in the Campania region, southern Italy. Case presentation Two hunting dogs were hospitalized after a hunting trip, with fever, itching, and self-inflicted lesions. Laboratory tests showed mild anemia and marked leukocytosis. Despite conservative therapy, both animals died 48 h after the presentation of symptoms. One of the carcasses was sent to the Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production in Naples to confirm the suspicion of pseudorabies. DNA was extracted from different matrices and used as a template for real-time PCR to detect PRV. Several samples (brain, cerebellum, brainstem, lung, and liver) tested positive. Subsequent sequence analyses of glycoprotein E from DNA extracted from the brain stem revealed a sequence similarity to those described in previous cases of pseudorabies in dogs in Italy, France and Belgium. One month after the outbreak, blood samples were collected from 42 dogs belonging to the same hunting team and from 245 dogs (cohort population) living in the Campania region. All samples were tested with two commercial ELISAs to detect seroconversion against glycoproteins B and E. A seroprevalence of 19% was observed in the hunting team affected by the outbreak, while only 0.8% was observed in the regional dog population. Conclusions The data reported in this study demonstrate potential exposure to PRV by dead-end hosts, particularly hunting dogs. The sequencing results indicated the homogeneity of PRV strains circulating in the different Italian regions.

show abstract

Detection of Pseudorabies in Dogs in Slovenia between 2006 and 2020: From Clinical and Diagnostic Features to Molecular Epidemiology

Cited by 3 publications

References 36 publications

Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 of wild boar origin as a recent source of Aujeszky’s disease in carnivores in Germany

Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 of wild boar origin as a recent source of Aujeszky’s disease in carnivores in Germany

Suid alphaherpesvirus 1 of wild boar origin as a recent source of Aujeszky’s disease in carnivores in Germany

A pseudorabies outbreak in hunting dogs in Campania region (Italy): a case presentation and epidemiological survey

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About