Detection of Polymorphism and Sequence Characterization of Toll-Like Receptor 7 Gene of Indian Goat Revealing Close Relationship Between Ruminant Species

Abstract

In this study, approximately 3.4 kb nucleotide sequence of caprine TLR7 (Toll-like receptor 7) gene was generated from twelve different Indian goat breeds belonging to different geographical regions. Goat TLR7 gene ORF (Open Reading Frame) was found to be 3141 nucleotides long coding for 1046 amino acids similar to sheep. The sequence analysis at nucleotide level revealed goat TLR7 having 99.5% homology with sheep, followed by other livestock species. Simple Modular Architecture Research Tool (SMART) was used for the structural analysis of goat TLR7 that showed the presence of 22 leucine rich repeats (LRRs) along with single Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains. TIR domain, when compared, was found to be similar in ruminant species, goat, sheep, cattle, and buffalo. The phylogenetic analysis also revealed grouping of all ruminant species together, goat being closer to sheep followed by cattle and buffalo. A total of 22 polymorphic sites were observed in TLR7 gene of 24 goats representing 12 different breeds, out of which 19 were present within the coding region and three in 3'UTR. Out of the seven nonsynonymous SNPs, two were in ectodomains and one in TIR domain. Overall our results indicate substantial variation within goat TLR7 gene, which could be exploited for association with disease susceptibility.

Effect of a Mushroom (Coriolus versicolor) Based Probiotic on the Expression of Toll-like Receptors and Signal Transduction in Goat Neutrophils

“…This corresponds with our results with the expression of genes involved in the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Previous study in our lab also shows that CV induced the secretion of G-CSF and GM-CSF (Ekwemalor, 2015).…”

“…Result showed that there was variation in expression of TLR among animals. Goyal et al, (Goyal et al, 2012) reported a nucleotide polymorphism observed in TLR7 gene of 24 goats representing 12 different breeds. Also in another study conducted by Zhou and Hickford (2008), they detected 5 nucleotide polymorphisms of TLR4 using 374 New Zealand goats of different breeds.…”

Toll-Like Receptor Responses to Peste des petits ruminants Virus in Goats and Water Buffalo

“…The goat TLR7 gene is 3.4 Kb long, with a 3141 nucleotide open reading frame (ORF), coding for 1046 amino acids. Nucleotide sequence homology studies have shown a close relationship with other ruminant species, particularly sheep TLR7 [51]. Earlier studies in 12 Indian goat breeds have shown a total of 22 polymorphic sites, out of which 19 were present within the coding region and three in the 39UTR [41].…”

Identification of Avian Toll-Like Receptor 3 and 7 and Analysis of Gene Variation Sites

“…Due to the important roles in resistance to pathogen invasion, TLR genes have been conserved throughout evolution. Mutations in TLRs may have a profound influence on the host's response to pathogens and are also associated with resistance to and susceptibility to diseases (Chen et al, 2009;Hawn et al, 2009;Al-Qahtani et al, 2012;Goyal et al, 2012;O'Dwyer et al, 2013). There are many studies researching mutations in human TLRs (Misch & Hawn, 2008;Mukherjee et al, 2019).…”