Detection of Parainfluenza Virus 3 in Turbinate Epithelial Cells of Postviral Olfactory Dysfunction Patients

Abstract

The high detection rate of PIV3 in the turbinate epithelial cells of PVOD patients suggests that PIV3 may be the causative virus of PVOD.

Intranasal trigeminal chemosensitivity in patients with postviral and post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction

“…Viruses can cause edema and hyperemia of olfactory mucosa, necrosis of cilia, and cellular destruction. The severity of olfactory loss seems to correlate with the severity of olfactory cell damage [21]. It is generally assumed that PTOD may be caused by shearing injuries at the cribriform plate and damage of the primary olfactory nerves extending from the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb, which seemed to be the most common mechanism involved in PTOD [6].…”

Persistent allergic rhinitis has a moderate impact on the sense of smell, depending on both nasal congestion and inflammation

“…When the viral infection is resolved, most patients' loss of smell resolves itself as well, but some may retain olfactory dysfunction as their single nasal symptom, sometimes for months or forever. High levels of viral particles have been detected in turbinate epithelial cells of patients with a post‐viral olfactory dysfunction 25. More than 30% of patients experienced improvement in olfaction after URTI‐induced loss of smell, compared to 10% in trauma‐induced olfactory loss 26.…”

Anosmia after exposure to a pyrethrin-based insecticide: A case report

“…One of the main factors related to olfactory dysfunction is aging [11], but several other causes are also known. Among the most important are: head trauma [12], infections of the upper respiratory tract, nasal and paranasal sinus diseases [13] and tumours [14]. Loss of olfactory function can be also related to neurodegenerative disease [15], and, in fact, it is an early sign of Parkinson's disease [5,16,17] and Alzheimer's disease [18], and can also be associated with several psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia [14].…”