This work demonstrates ultra-low power ozone sensors for real time, continuous, and portable monitoring. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of SnO 2 enables precise control of ultrathin film thickness on the order of the Debye length to enhance sensitivity at room temperature. Correlation between ozone concentration and the rate of resistance change is used to maintain fast response times and ultraviolet (UV) illumination hastens recovery. ALD SnO 2 ultrathin film sensors realize room temperature operation with highly selective detection of 50 ppb ozone with average power consumption of 150 μW making them well suited for real time, portable environmental monitoring systems. High levels of ozone (O 3 ) have been shown to contribute to respiratory symptoms such as chronic cough, wheeze, and shortness of breath and chest colds with phlegm.1 Individuals suffering with respiratory diseases such as asthma are particularly sensitive to O 3 which can trigger an asthma attack hours after exposure.2 According to the Environmental Protection Agency, O 3 concentrations are higher near urban areas, highways and in general outside on hot sunny days highlighting the need for continuous, portable, real time monitoring of an individual's exposure levels in order to correlate personal health with surrounding environments. Sensors used for these applications must have high sensitivity, appropriate selectivity against other gases, low total power consumption, stability, accuracy, reliability and low cost. Among several sensing materials, SnO 2 has been shown to be sensitive toward gases in a variety of papers however metal oxide sensors typically require high operating temperatures to achieve good sensitivity and fast recovery resulting in mW of power consumption making them unsuitable for portable monitoring.3-6 Several reports exist utilizing metal oxides at room temperature but they typically display response and recovery times greater than 10 minutes which also renders them unsuitable for real time monitoring. [7][8][9] Our work utilizes Atomic Layer Deposition of SnO 2 to tailor film thickness to twice the Debye length which has been shown to provide maximum sensitivity due to electron mobility modulation. [10][11][12] We correlate the derivative of the response to ozone concentration and utilize ultraviolet light to compensate for slow response and recovery times, respectively. These methods enable detection of 10s of ppb of ozone with room temperature operation for average power consumption of just 150 μW. Additionally, our sensors demonstrate selectivity over interfering gases NO 2 and CO at typical atmospheric levels making them good candidates for continuous, portable monitoring.
ExperimentalThe fabrication of sensor device started with 500nm thermal oxidation of Si (100) substrate for electrical isolation. After oxidation, the SnO 2 sensing material was deposited in an ALD system (Cambridge Nanotech Savannah 100 model). Tetrakis(dimethylamino)tin precursor and O 3 reactants were used to deposit SnO 2 at 200• C. The films were...