Detection of nanoparticles by single-particle ICP-MS with complete transport efficiency through direct nebulization at few-microlitres-per-minute uptake rates

Abstract

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A total consumption infrared heated sample introduction system for nanoparticle measurement using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

“…A microdroplet generator that provides 100% transport efficiency has been used for spICPMS. [14][15][16] However, a dry aerosol is produced by this system, which has a detrimental effect on the ionization capability of the plasma by removing water. 17 Another way to improve the transport efficiency is to preevaporate the aerosol before its introduction into the plasma, which decreases droplet size.…”

Analysis of Nanomaterials on Biological and Environmental Systems and New Analytical Methods for Improved Detection

“…Another method that advanced the analytical side of NPs detection was presented by Hadioui et al, who discussed detecting NPs in the environment by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). This is one of the best analytical techniques for detecting ENMs [ 78 , 79 ]. In addition to ICP-MS being limited to metal-based NPs, it is also limited by particle size detection limits, with many NPs and their oxides being out of the detection range.…”

“…Cui et al, in their study, helped examine the fate and improved detection of TiO 2 NPs in the environment using ICP-MS by changing synthesis parameters, utilizing Ho as a chemical marker in their NPs and thus designing NaHoF 4 @TiO 2 NPs. Using an Al(OH) 3 layer around Ho in NaHoF 4 , the added colloidal stability and hydrophilic surface helped TiO 2 deposition and coating when synthesizing the NPs [ 79 ]. The goal of the Cui et al study was to be able to detect engineered TiO 2 NPs in the environment without Ti background interference.…”

Exploring the boundaries in the analysis of large particles by single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: application to nanoclays

“…30 Despite its advantages, direct nebulisation does not guarantee the absence of losses in transport efficiency, which, in addition to the difficulties in its optimisation and in terms of sensitivity and reliability, has limited its applications so far. 23,31…”

“…30 Despite its advantages, direct nebulisation does not guarantee the absence of losses in transport efficiency, which, in addition to the difficulties in its optimisation and in terms of sensitivity and reliability, has limited its applications so far. 23,31 Limitations related to the intensity of the signals corresponding to individual particles are also expected. These limitations lead to non-linear relationships between the signal intensity obtained and the mass (and subsequently size) of one particle, which means an underestimation of its characterisation.…”