Detection of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and tet gene prevalence at a pig farm in Kupang , Indonesia

Abstract

Objective: The purpose of this study was to detect the incidence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) and the spread of tet genes that encode tetracycline (TE) resistance in E. coli in pig farms in the city of Kupang, Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Samples of pig feces have been obtained from 96 pig farms in Kupang city, Indonesia. Escherichia coli bacteria were isolated and identified morphologically and biochemically, and finally confirmed by the API test. The disk diffusion method has been used to observe the antibiotic sensitivity effects and has been followed by observing resistant genes encoding TE resistance using the multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-PCR) method to detect the presence of tet genes such as tet (A), tet (B), tet (C), tet (D), and tet (E), respectively. Results: A total of 82 (85.4%) of E. coli isolates have been found in all pig feces samples obtained from 96 pig farms in Kupang city. This study has shown a high level of antibiotic resistance dominated by erythromycin (85.4%) and cephalothin (58.5%) and followed by several other antibiotics with a percentage below 34.1%. The prevalence of MDR E. coli was 57.3% by showing 39 different patterns. The most common pattern was showed by the Cephalothin-Colistin-Erythromycin pattern. The resistance of E. coli to TE appears to be related to the presence of tet (A) and tet (E) genes. Conclusion: This study has encouraged the need for public awareness (farmers) of the wise use of antibiotics in preventing the spread of resistant bacteria that can cause health problems in animals and humans.

Antimicrobial resistance in <i>Escherichia coli</i> isolated from brown rats and house shrews in markets, Bogor, Indonesia

“…The prevalence of MDR E. coli in this study is similar to those reported for rodents in Vancouver, Canada (41.5%) [ 12 ] and Berlin, Germany (58.2%) [ 9 ]. In the recent another study in Indonesia, the prevalence of MDR E. coli isolated from swine (57.3%) was also similar to our study [ 14 ]. The prevalence of MDR E. coli in hospitalized patients (71%) was quite high compared to our results [ 20 ].…”

“…In another study, 11.8% of E. coli isolated from the broiler meat supply chain were colistin-resistant [ 19 ]. Moreover, ESBL-producing E. coli was found in 8.6% of cattle feces from slaughterhouses [ 26 ], and multi-drug resistant (MDR) E. coli was reported in 57.3% of swine fecal samples [ 14 ]. MDR among AMR E. coli was also found in 25% from Döner Kebab meat in Bogor, Indonesia [ 23 ].…”

<p>Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Their Association with Antimicrobial Resistance Among Pathogenic <em>E. coli</em> Isolated from Egyptian Patients with Different Clinical Infections</p>

“…Misuse and overuse of antibiotics in therapeutic purposes for human and therapeutic purposes and as growth promotors in livestock lead to the emergence of resistance to many antimicrobial classes as penicillins, cephalosporines, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, macrolides and polymyxins. 17 One of the most prevalent resistance factors is extended spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) produced by Enterobacteriaceae which first identified in the 1980s. 18 The most prevalent ESBL is CTX-M type (cefotaxinase) 19 and E. coli having CTX-M ESBL was multidrug-resistant to most drugs.…”

Multidrug resistant Escherichia coli among patients with gastrointestinal tract infections seeking health care services at Lafia, Nigeria

“…The dissemination of these resistant genes in Rplasmids could take place through conjugation, transduction, and transformation, which could be within the same species (i.e. from parent to offspring) known as vertical gene transfer or to other species known as horizontal gene transfer (Kallau et al, 2018;Onyeadi and Agbagwa, 2019). These genes encoding for resistance to one or more class of antibiotics, when inside the genome of a receptive cell get integrated into the DNA and produce resistance effects through various mechanisms (Onyeadi and Agbagwa, 2019).…”