“…In different studies saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and urine were used as non invasive sources for the estimation of IGF-1. [23][24][25] In case of urinary IGF-1, patient cooperation is a major factor, because sample collection without contamination is very difficult especially for patient. 25 In the present study the IGF-I evaluation was perform with ELISA Kit because of simplicity of this procedure and it was supported by other investigators.…”
The major disadvantage in cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS) is the involvement of radiographic exposure. This study was undertaken to assess the applicability of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) blood level as a maturation indicator by correlating it to the CVMS. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted at orthodontic department of our institute. With 80% power of study, 5% desired level of significance and using 0.67 correlation value, a sample size of 75 was calculated. There are five stages of CVMS and in each CVM stage 15 subjects were allocated, therefore collective sample size was 75. The technique of sampling was purposive (non-probability) sampling. Out of 75 patients, 47 (62.7%) were males and 28 (37.3%) were females. The mean ages of the patients were 12.5 ± 2.6 years. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed to evaluate the blood serum IGF-1 levels among five stages of CVMS. RESULTS: There was a statistically considerable difference in mean IGF-1 among five stages of CVM. The mean IGF-1 (ng/ml) of CVMS 1 was 204.
“…In different studies saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, and urine were used as non invasive sources for the estimation of IGF-1. [23][24][25] In case of urinary IGF-1, patient cooperation is a major factor, because sample collection without contamination is very difficult especially for patient. 25 In the present study the IGF-I evaluation was perform with ELISA Kit because of simplicity of this procedure and it was supported by other investigators.…”
The major disadvantage in cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS) is the involvement of radiographic exposure. This study was undertaken to assess the applicability of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) blood level as a maturation indicator by correlating it to the CVMS. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study was conducted at orthodontic department of our institute. With 80% power of study, 5% desired level of significance and using 0.67 correlation value, a sample size of 75 was calculated. There are five stages of CVMS and in each CVM stage 15 subjects were allocated, therefore collective sample size was 75. The technique of sampling was purposive (non-probability) sampling. Out of 75 patients, 47 (62.7%) were males and 28 (37.3%) were females. The mean ages of the patients were 12.5 ± 2.6 years. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was performed to evaluate the blood serum IGF-1 levels among five stages of CVMS. RESULTS: There was a statistically considerable difference in mean IGF-1 among five stages of CVM. The mean IGF-1 (ng/ml) of CVMS 1 was 204.
“…GCF is an exudate that can be collected from the gingival sulcus in periodontium, which provides a prospective source of factors or biomarkers associated with the changes and destruction in the underlying periodontium that generally occurs during the orthodontic force application during fixed orthodontic treatment [80].…”
Section: Gingival Crevicular Fluid (Gcf) and Biomarkersmentioning
Several biologically active substances representing the bone deposition and resorption processes are released following damage to periodontal tissue during orthodontic movement. Biomarkers are by definition objective, quantifiable characteristics of biological processes. The analysis of saliva/salivary fluid and Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) may be an accepted way to examine the ongoing biochemical processes associated with bone turnover during orthodontic tooth movement and fixed orthodontic treatment pain. Assessing the presence of these salivary physiological biomarkers would benefit the clinician in appropriate pain diagnosis and management objectively of various problems encountered during the orthodontic procedures and for better outcome of biomechanical therapy. Due to lack of standardized collection procedure, even though well accepted by patients, saliva is often neglected as a body fluid of diagnostic and prognostic value. A literature search was carried out in major databases such as PubMed, Medline, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and EMBASE for relevant studies. Publication in English between 2000 to 2021 which estimated Saliva markers as indicators of orthodontic tooth movement was included. The list of biomarkers available to date was compiled and is presented in table format. Each biomarker is discussed separately based on the available and collected evidences. Several sensitive salivary and GCF biomarkers are available to detect the biomechanical changes occurring during orthodontic tooth movement and pain occurring during fixed orthodontic therapy. Further focussed research might help to analyze the sensitivity and reliability of these biomarkers or cytokines, which in turn can lead to the development of chairside tests to assess the pain experienced by patients during orthodontic therapy and finally the outcome of the fixed orthodontic therapy.
“…The threshold dose for celecoxib to initiate the odontoclastic activity may be higher than that to initiate osteoclastic activity. 5 Routinely the clinician prescribes the drugs for orthodontic pain. These drugs alter or interfere with the inflammatory process and therefore have an effect on the tooth movement.…”
Section: Role Of Various Drugs In Orthodontic Tooth Movementmentioning
The biological processes that come into play during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) have been shown to be influenced by a variety of pharmacological agents. The effects of such agents are of particular relevance to the clinician as the rate of tooth movement can be accelerated or reduced as a result. The aim of the present review is to summarize the knowledge of these biomarkers which could be used in accelerating or manipulating orthodontic treatment under the effect of routinely prescribed drugs which impact and modulate these biomarkers and in turn the orthodontic tooth movement.
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