Detection of Malingered Psychosis with the MMPI-2

Detection of back random responding: Effectiveness of MMPI-2 and Personality Assessment Inventory validity indices.

“…When Fb ≥ 110 T (clinical) or 90 T (nonclinical) but Fb − F < 20 T in otherwise valid profiles, clinicians should consult VRIN and the size of the Fb − F difference to differentiate between BRR and malingering. Studies have demonstrated that malingered MMPI-2s typically have near-normal VRIN T -score values (Wetter, Baer, Berry, Robison, & Sumpter, 1993; Wetter et al, 1992) along with mean Fb − F differences in the −19 range (Pensa et al., 1996). Thus, when elevated Fb T scores are accompanied by negative Fb − F T -score values or near-normal VRIN scores, malingering rather than BRR should be considered.…”

“…Thus, among college students, limited PRR to MMPI-2 items appears to be common and most often involves later test items (i.e., BRR). Although there are no published data available concerning the frequency of MMPI-2 or PAI PRR among clinical groups, there is evidence that clinical subjects engage in higher levels of inconsistent MMPI-2 responding (see, e.g., Archer, Handel, Greene, Baer, & Elkins, 2001; Pensa, Dorfman, Gold, & Schneider, 1996; Stukenberg, Brady, & Klinetob, 2000) than college students (see, e.g., Berry et al., 1991; Wetter et al., 1992) or those in the normative sample. Furthermore, more disturbed populations tend to exhibit higher rates of random responding than less disturbed populations (Stukenberg et al, 2000).…”

Detecting Incomplete Effort on the MMPI-2: An Examination of the Fake-Bad Scale in Mild Head Injury

“…Later, the Fback (Fb) and F-psychopathology (F(p)) scales were developed using this same basic approach to validity scale construction. Numerous studies have shown these scales to be useful in distinguishing persons feigning various types of psychiatric disorder from true patients and normal controls (Arbisi & Ben-Porath, 1998;Archer, Handel, Greene, Baer, & Elkins, 2001;Bagby et al, 1997;Cramer, 1995;Elhai, Gold, Frueh, & Gold, 2000;Elhai, Gold, Sellers, & Dorfman, 2001;Larrabee, 1998;Lees-Haley, 1991Nicholson et al, 1997;Pensa, Dorfman, Gold, & Schneider, 1996;Strong, Greene, & Schinka, 2000;Tsushima & Tsushima, 2001). The Infrequency minus Correction (FÀK), or Gough's (1950) Dissimulation index, is another measure that has been used in detecting malingering (Cramer, 1995;Elhai et al, 2000;Elhai et al, 2001;Larrabee, 1998;Lees-Haley, 1991;LeesHaley, 1992;Pensa et al, 1996;Smith & Frueh, 1996;Wetzler & Marlowe, 1990) and defensiveness (Putzke, Williams, & Boll, 1998;Putzke et al, 1997).…”

Association of Rorschach and MMPI Psychosis Indicators and Schizophrenia Spectrum Diagnoses in a Russian Clinical Sample

“…Therefore, the psychosis content scales afford a more precise focus on psychotic symptoms. The BIZ Content scale has been shown to differentiate between patients with psychosis and volunteers malingering psychosis (Pensa, Dorfman, Gold, & Schneider, 1996) and between patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders versus those with affective disorders (Weilbaecher, 2002). There has been less study of the Harris-Lingoes psychosis Content subscales, and their cross-cultural validity has been called into question (Almagor & Koren, 2001;Graham, 2000;.…”