Detection of Lymphovascular Invasion by D2-40 (Podoplanin) Immunoexpression in Endometrial Cancer

Abstract

D2-40-based LVI assessment improves the histopathological detection of lymphovascular invasion in endometrial cancer. Furthermore, LVI is of prognostic value and predicts lymph node metastasis. D2-40 LVI detection might help to select endometrial cancer patients who will benefit from a lymphadenectomy.

Prognostic significance of tumor-associated macrophages in endometrial adenocarcinoma

“…These data are similar to published results although previous results were based entirely on the evaluation of HE sections [6]. Thus, the strength of our investigation lies in the use of a D2-40-based assessment of lymph vessels, which is known to improve the detection rate of LVI [14]. Consistent with our findings of TAM-promoted LVD and LVI TAMs were also closely associated with the metastatic spreading to the regional lymph nodes, which is in accord with earlier studies [6,25,26].…”

“…Tissue sections were evaluated masked to clinical details. Whole slides were screened for the presence of LVI using the strict criterion of cancer cell clusters within D2-40 + lymphovascular spaces [14,15]. To determine LVD the area of the highest neovascularization at the tumor invasive front (hot spot) was selected in each specimen and D2-40 + vessels were quantified within an area of 0.6 mm 2 [16].…”

Lymphatic vessels around the uterus: D2-40 (podoplandin) immunohistochemistry using elderly cadavers

“…In fact, using D2-40 immunohistochemistry of cardinal ligament specimens removed from cervical cancer patients, Hoffman et al [8] demonstrated discontinuous micrometastases in the soft tissue around the uterine artery and superficial uterine vein and a cluster of carcinoma cells in a lymphatic vessel adjacent to the uterine artery. Recently, Weber et al [31] confirmed similar micrometastasis in LVs in patients with endometrial cancer. Surprisingly, the injection study by Ercoli et al [3] using adult cadavers was the first of its kind and rather limited in scope.…”

Risk Factors for Recurrence in Low-Risk Endometrial Cancer: A Case-Control Study

“…However, many difficulties arise in identifying lymphatic vessel walls by H-E staining. Immunostaining with D2-40 (an anti-podoplanin antibody) significantly increased the detection rate of LVSI as compared to H-E staining, underlining the importance of D2-40 immunohistochemistry (IHC) as an investigative modality [18].…”