The root system of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Favorita) plants was treated with different O 2 and CO 2 concentrations for 35 d in aeroponic culture. Under 21 or 5 % O 2 in the root zones, the thickness of leaves and palisade parenchyma significantly increased at 3 600 μmol(CO 2 ) mol -1 in the root zone, compared with CO 2 concentration 380 μmol mol -1 or low CO 2 concentration (100 μmol mol -1 ). In addition, smaller cells of palisade tissue, more intercellular air spaces and partially two layers of palisade cells were observed in the leaves with root-zone CO 2 enrichment. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in the size of chloroplasts and starch grains, and the number of starch grains per chloroplast due to elevated CO 2 only under 21 % O 2 . In addition, a significant decline in the thickness of grana and the number of lamellas, but no significant differences in the number of grana per chloroplast were observed under elevated CO 2 concentration. The accumulation of starch grains in the chloroplast under elevated CO 2 concentration could change the arrangement of grana thylakoids and consequently inhibited the absorption of sun radiation and photosynthesis of potato plants.
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