Detection of Leishmania siamensis DNA in Saliva by Polymerase Chain Reaction

Abstract

Abstract. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect Leishmania siamensis DNA from clinical samples collected from six leishmaniasis patients during 2011-2012. The samples used in this study came from bone marrow, blood, buffy coat, saliva, urine, and tissue biopsy specimens. Saliva was a good source for L. siamensis DNA by polymerase chain reaction. L. siamensis DNA was also found in saliva of an asymptomatic case-patient. Levels of L. siamensis DNA in saliva decreased until being undetectable after treatment. These levels could be used as a marker to evaluate efficacy of the treatment. A larger study is needed to evaluate this method as a screening and survey tool to study the silent background of Leishmania infection among the at-risk population.Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical diseases caused by an obligate intracellular protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania. The disease is transmitted to vertebrate hosts by infected female sand flies taking a blood meal.1 Leishmaniasis presents in three clinical forms; visceral, cutaneous, and mucocutaneous.2 Clinical presentation of leishmaniasis depends on the species of Leishmania and the immunity of the host. Detection and species identification of the parasites is essential for prognostic and therapeutic reasons and surveys.

Leishmaniasis in Thailand: A Review of Causative Agents and Situations

“…He was an immunocompetent host who developed multiple erythematous and nodules on his face, trunk, and extremities after receiving steroid therapy, and afterward received a diagnosis of diffused cutaneous leishmaniasis (DCL) caused by L. martiniquensis. 20,23 His daughter, who lived in the same house, also had asymptomatic L. martiniquensis infection. 20 Until now, L. martiniquensis infection has been reported in different geographical areas, that is, Martinique Island/French West Indies, Thailand, and Myanmar (Table 1).…”

“…20,23 His daughter, who lived in the same house, also had asymptomatic L. martiniquensis infection. 20 Until now, L. martiniquensis infection has been reported in different geographical areas, that is, Martinique Island/French West Indies, Thailand, and Myanmar (Table 1).…”

“…However, the majority of lesions on skin in HIV/AIDS cases could be single, multiple nodular, or generalized papular forms. The lesion could be disseminated as multiple nonulcerative nodules, papular with ulcerative lesions or chronic generalized fibrotic lesions to other parts of the body besides a primary lesion on the face, ears (along the helix and antihelix of the pinna), the dorsum of hands, knuckles of fingers, elbows, extensor surface of the forearm, or on the trunk and lower extremities, 19,20,23,28 called DCL. For L. siamensis infection, only one DCL was reported in a person with AIDS.…”

“…E-mail: sleelayoova@gmail.com As shown in Table 2, all L. siamensis published papers from 2008 to 2016 [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] were reviewed and the species of Leishmania were confirmed using nucleotide sequences of the SSU-rRNA, ITS1 region of SSU-rRNA, and hsp70 genes from GenBank database and were compared with the nucleotide sequences of each gene using axenic cul- those reported in horses and cow. 16,17,21 Only one published paper by Bualert and others in 2012 identified L. siamensis infection.…”

Disseminated Dermal Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania siamensis in a Systemic Steroid Therapy Patient

“…Leishmania siamensis was identified by nucleotide sequencing of the PCR products compared with sequences of L. siamensis previously reported (accession no. JQ001751) and has showed to be 100% identical 1. All specimens used to culture for Leishmania were negative.…”