Detection of IL-6 in human milk and its involvement in IgA production

Saito, Shigeru; Maruyama, Masayo; Kato, Yurniko; Moriyama, I.; Ichijo, Motohiko

doi:10.1016/0165-0378(91)90051-q

Cited by 84 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These results suggested that high levels of IL-18 were associated with preterm delivery, which was closely associated with pregnancy complications. Figure 2, colostrum contained TNF-␣, IL-12, IFN-␥, and sFasL, as reported previously (10,11). TNF-␣ levels in colostrum were higher in mothers with preterm delivery than in those with delivery at term, whereas IL-12, IFN-␥, and sFasL levels showed no significant differences between those with preterm and term delivery.…”

Section: Il-18 Levels Of Human Milksupporting

confidence: 65%

Interleukin-18 in Human Milk

et al. 2001

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Section: Il-18 Levels Of Human Milksupporting

confidence: 65%

Interleukin-18 in Human Milk

et al. 2001

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“…Human milk factors suppress induction of IL-8 expression (inflammatory response) in cultured intestinal epithelial cells; this suppression is greatest in immature cells, whose IL-8 response is more pronounced (71). These suppressive factors are at their highest concentrations in colostrum (75,76). Colostrum is consumed by neonates when priming and maturation of the mucosal immune system are greatest (77), and when the human gut can absorb macromolecules directly (24,55,56).…”

Section: Human Milk Components and Ontogeny Of Intestinal Mucosal Immmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of the Neonate by the Innate Immune System of Developing Gut and of Human Milk

2007

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ABSTRACT:The neonatal adaptive immune system, relatively naïve to foreign antigens, requires synergy with the innate immune system to protect the intestine. Goblet cells provide mucins, Paneth cells produce antimicrobial peptides, and dendritic cells (DCs) present luminal antigens. Intracellular signaling by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) elicits chemokines and cytokines that modulate inflammation. Enteric neurons and lymphocytes provide paracrine and endocrine signaling. However, full protection requires human milk. Breast-feeding reduces enteric infection and may reduce chronic disease in later life. Although human milk contains significant secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), most of its protective factors are constitutively expressed. Multifunctional milk components are nutrients whose partial digestion products inhibit pathogens. Cytokines, cytokine receptors, TLR agonists and antagonists, hormones, antiinflammatory agents, and nucleotides in milk modulate inflammation. Human milk is rich in glycans (complex carbohydrates): As prebiotics, indigestible glycans stimulate colonization by probiotic organisms, modulating mucosal immunity and protecting against pathogens. Through structural homology to intestinal cell surface receptors, glycans inhibit pathogen binding, the essential first step of pathogenesis. Bioactive milk components comprise an innate immune system of human milk whereby the mother protects her nursing infant. Interactions between human milk glycans, intestinal microflora, and intestinal mucosa surface glycans underlie ontogeny of innate mucosal immunity, pathobiology of enteric infection, and inflammatory bowel diseases. (Pediatr Res 61: 2-8, 2007)

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“…Applying a modification of the technique of Saito (12). the whole milk was centrifuged at 3000 x g for 30 min.…”

Section: Materials a N D M E T H O D Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IL-I (9-1 1 ), IL-2 ( 1 1 ), IL-6 ( 12). and TNF-cu ( 13) have previously been detected in the aqueous phase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine Production in Mononuclear Cells of Human Milk Studied at the Single-Cell Level

1993

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Detection of IL-6 in human milk and its involvement in IgA production

Cited by 84 publications

References 16 publications

Interleukin-18 in Human Milk

Interleukin-18 in Human Milk

Protection of the Neonate by the Innate Immune System of Developing Gut and of Human Milk

Cytokine Production in Mononuclear Cells of Human Milk Studied at the Single-Cell Level

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