Detection of
            <i>Borrelia lonestari</i>
            , Putative Agent of Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness, in White-Tailed Deer (
            <i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>
            ) from the Southeastern United States

Moore, Victor A.; Varela, Andrea S.; Yabsley, Michael J.; Davidson, William R.; Little, Susan E.

doi:10.1128/jcm.41.1.424-427.2003

Cited by 48 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Infestation of deer fawns with as few as 300 wild-caught A. americanum resulted in coinfection with E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, and B. lonestari (Varela-Stokes, 2007). The majority of WTD that are PCR positive for E. chaffeensis, E. ewingii, and B. lonestari are #1.5 yr old (Lockhart et al, 1997b;Yabsley et al, 2002;Moore et al, 2003;Yabsley et al, 2003); a similar association with age was observed with the PM Ehrlichia sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Coinfections of humans and domestic animals with multiple pathogens transmitted by the same vector are being increasingly recognized (Sexton et al, 1998;Kordick et al, 1999;Loebermann et al, 2006), as are coinfected individual ticks (Schulze et al, 2005;Mixson et al, 2006). These reports of coinfection resulted from infestations with single or limited numbers of ticks that are coinfected; because WTD are frequently infested with hundreds to thousands of LSTs, the likelihood of coinfection in wild WTD is increased (reported as high as 25%) (Yabsley et al, 2002(Yabsley et al, , 2003Arens et al, 2003;Moore et al, 2003). In the current study, all three wild deer that were positive for the PM Ehrlichia sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Field evidence and experimental infection trials also suggest that WTD are important hosts for at least two other LSTvectored organisms, Ehrlichia ewingii and Borrelia. lonestari, and natural infections of WTD with all three organisms have been reported in much of the range of the LST (Lockhart et al, 1997a;Yabsley et al, 2002;Arens et al, 2003;Moore et al, 2003;Moyer et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…is suspected to be transmitted by LSTs, and because WTD are susceptible to infection with three other LST-vectored organisms (Lockhart et al, 1997a, b;Yabsley et al, 2002;Moore et al, 2003;Yabsley et al, 2003), we hypothesized that WTD might be natural hosts for the PM Ehrlichia sp. In this study, we conducted a PCR-based survey of WTD blood samples collected from WTD populations with known exposure to LST-vectored organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are a group of ticktransmitted, intracellular, Gram-negative bacteria that cause disease in a wide range of hosts, including humans, domestic dogs, ruminants, equids, and felids (Rikihisa, 1991). Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, is maintained in a cycle involving whitetailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) as a primary reservoir and the lone star tick (LST; Amblyomma americanum) as a primary vector (Ewing et al, 1995;Lockhart et al, 1997a, b;Yabsley et al, 2003). Field evidence and experimental infection trials also suggest that WTD are important hosts for at least two other LSTvectored organisms, Ehrlichia ewingii and Borrelia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural and Experimental Infection of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) From the United States With an Ehrlichia Sp. Closely Related to Ehrlichia Ruminantium

Yabsley

Loftis

Little

2008

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:An Ehrlichia sp. (Panola Mountain [PM] Ehrlichia sp.) closely related to Ehrlichia ruminantium was recently detected in a domestic goat experimentally infested with lone star ticks (LSTs, Amblyomma americanum) collected from Georgia, USA. The infected goat exhibited pyrexia and mild clinical pathologic abnormalities consistent with ehrlichiosis. At least two other Ehrlichia species (Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii) are maintained in nature by a cycle involving LSTs as the primary vector and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginanus) as a known or suspected reservoir. To investigate the possibility that white-tailed deer are potential hosts of the PM Ehrlichia sp., whole blood samples collected from 87 wild deer from 2000 to 2002 were screened with a species-specific nested PCR assay targeting the citrate synthase gene. In addition, two laboratory-raised white-tailed deer fawns were each infested with 120 wild-caught LST adults from Missouri, USA, and blood samples were periodically collected and tested for the PM Ehrlichia sp. Of 87 deer tested from 20 locations in the southeastern United States, three (3%) deer from Arkansas, North Carolina, and Virginia were positive for the PM Ehrlichia sp. Wildcaught ticks transmitted the PM Ehrlichia sp. to one of two deer fawns, and colony-reared nymphal LSTs acquired the organism from the deer, maintained it transstadially as they molted to adults, and transmitted the PM Ehrlichia sp. to two naïve fawns. These findings indicate that white-tailed deer are naturally and experimentally susceptible to infection with an Ehrlichia sp. closely related to E. ruminantium and are able to serve as a source of infection to LSTs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural and Experimental Infection of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) From the United States With an Ehrlichia Sp. Closely Related to Ehrlichia Ruminantium

Yabsley

Loftis

Little

2008

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Simultaneous Isolation of Ixodidae and Bacterial (Borrelia spp.) Genomic DNA

2010

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Tick and tick‐borne diseases have become widely distributed throughout the United States. As a result, the interest associated with tick allocation and the potential threat they may pose has increased. Efforts have expanded to understand biotic and abiotic factors which may influence tick/pathogen distribution. Thus, we have developed a procedure which allows the simultaneous isolation of both tick and bacterial DNA. Downstream applications are diverse; however, we describe the use of multiplex PCR to confirm the presence of spirochete DNA from tick samples. We suspect that this procedure is not limited to tick‐bacteria systems and may be applied to a variety of arthropod‐related endeavors. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 19:1E.2.1‐1E.2.11. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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Borrelia

Barbour¹,

Schwan²

2018

Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria

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Bor.rel'i.a. N.L. fem. n. Borrelia , named after Amédée Borrel (1867–1936). Spirochaetes / Spirochaetia / Spirochaetales / Spirochaetaceae / Borrelia Cells are helical, 0.2–0.3 µm in diameter and 10–35 µm in length. Coils are regular in spacing. Motile. Inner and outer membranes with periplasmic flagella with 15–20 subterminal insertion points in most species. Aniline‐stain‐positive. Microaerophilic. Ferments glucose. Most species cultivable in complex, serum‐containing medium that includes N ‐acetylglucosamine. Optimum growth between 33 and 38°C. Cells are polyploid, with each genome comprising a linear chromosome and one or more linear and circular plasmids. All species are host‐associated organisms that are transmitted between a mammalian, avian, or reptilian reservoir by a hematophagous arthropod. These include argasid ticks, prostriate ixodid ticks, metastriate ixodid ticks, and the human body louse. Transovarial transmission is common in the genus. Members include all known agents of relapsing fever as well as the agents of avian, bovine, and reptilian borreliosis. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 27.5–29.8. Type species : Borrelia anserina (Sakharoff 1891) Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon 1925, 435 AL ( Spirochaeta anserina Sakharoff 1891, 565; Spiroschaudinnia anserina (Sakharoff 1891) Sambon 1907, 834).

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Detection of Borrelia lonestari , Putative Agent of Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness, in White-Tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) from the Southeastern United States

Cited by 48 publications

References 38 publications

Natural and Experimental Infection of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) From the United States With an Ehrlichia Sp. Closely Related to Ehrlichia Ruminantium

Natural and Experimental Infection of White-Tailed Deer (Odocoileus Virginianus) From the United States With an Ehrlichia Sp. Closely Related to Ehrlichia Ruminantium

Simultaneous Isolation of Ixodidae and Bacterial (Borrelia spp.) Genomic DNA

Borrelia

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