Detection of Herpesvirus DNA in Vitreous and Aqueous Specimens by the Polymerase Chain Reaction

Fox, Gregory M.; Crouse, Cecelia A.; Chuang, Elaine L.; Pflugfelder, Stephen C.; Cleary, Timothy J.; Nelson, Stephen J.; Atherton, Sally S.

doi:10.1001/archopht.1991.01080020112054

Cited by 113 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The association found between VZV and atypical necrotizing retinopathies is comparable with those existing between VZV and ARN [19] and between CMV and retinitis [24,25,35]. No VZV DNA was detected in 17 aqueous humor samples from patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis, but evidence for a dual infection with HSV-1 and CMV was found in two of the patients with CMV retinitis and in one patient with ARN; such an association also has been reported in other studies [16,24,36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Varicella-Zoster Virus Is Strongly Associated with Atypical Necrotizing Herpetic Retinopathies

Garweg

Böhnke

1997

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Aqueous humor samples from nine patients with atypical necrotizing retinopathies of suspected viral origin, six with acute retinal necrosis syndrome (ARN), and 17 with active cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis underwent amplification for viral DNA of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and human CMV. VZV DNA was detected in seven of the nine aqueous humor samples from patients with atypical necrotizing retinopathies of suspected viral origin and in four of the six samples from individuals with ARN; of the two other samples from patients with ARNS, no viral DNA was found in one, and both CMV DNA and HSV-1 DNA, but not VZV DNA, were detected in one (this patient presented with bilateral ARNS 2 months after being successfully treated for CMV retinitis). Thus, VZV is likely to be the main pathogen of atypical necrotizing herpetic retinopathies. DNA amplification may be used to establish an early, sensitive, and reliable diagnosis of any form of necrotizing retinopathy in 80% of cases, irrespective of viral etiology.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Varicella-Zoster Virus Is Strongly Associated with Atypical Necrotizing Herpetic Retinopathies

Garweg

Böhnke

1997

Clinical Infectious Diseases

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“…The third step consists of the elongation step (Elongation) in which Taq polymerase (or another DNA polymerase) has its optimum activity temperature at around 72°C. The last step is the final elongation: the amplified target can be obtained after [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] However, multiplex PCR or any other qualitative PCR techniques cannot quantitatively measure copy number of genomic DNA. Given the extremely high sensitivity of PCR, positive results from qualitative PCR techniques can be false positives due to contamination.…”

Section: Multiplex Pcr and Real-time Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new era of uveitis: impact of polymerase chain reaction in intraocular inflammatory diseases 5 Corneal endotheliitis and iritis [26] Acute retinal necrosis [27], [11] HHV2 (HSV2) Acute retinal necrosis [43], [27], [11] HHV3 (varicella-zoster virus; VZV) Herpes zoster ophthalmicus/zoster sine herpete [31], [40] Acute retinal necrosis [28], [27], [11] HHV4 (Epstein-Barr virus; EBV) Anterior uveitis/pan-uveitis [55], [54], [53] Acute retinal necrosis [11] Intraocular lymphoma [56] HHV5 (cytomegalovirus; CMV Corneal endotheliitis [36], [35], [7], [37] Iritis (uveitis) [33], [6], [34] Cytomegalovirus retinitis [32] HHV6 Iritis (uveitis) [59], [61], [60] Endophthalmitis [60] Keratitis [61], [63], [60], [62] AIDS-associated retinitis [64] HHV7 Corneal endotheliitis and iritis [66] HHV8 Corneal endotheliitis and iritis [67] Kaposi's sarcoma (conjunctiva, ocular adnexa) [70] HHV1-8 Eight types of human herpes virus, AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome a These are representative references by PCR-associated papers…”

Section: Viruses Human Herpes Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genomic DNA of HSV [24][25][26][27], VZV [25,[28][29][30][31], and CMV [6,7,25,[32][33][34][35][36][37][38] has been detected by PCR in the aqueous humor of certain types of AU, corneal endotheliitis, and posterior uveitis with necrotizing retinitis (ARN and CMV retinitis).…”

Section: Hsv1 Hsv2 Vzv and CMVmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although CMV retinitis is a well-known opportunistic infection in immunodeficient individuals, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients [32], CMV had not been recognized as a cause of AU and/or corneal endotheliitis in immunocompetent individuals until PCR was introduced into clinical practice. Genomic DNA of CMV has been detected in patients with corneal endotheliitis with whitish keratic precipitates (KPs) and corneal edema and in patients with AU.…”

Section: Hsv1 Hsv2 Vzv and CMVmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new era of uveitis: impact of polymerase chain reaction in intraocular inflammatory diseases

et al. 2016

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Uveitis is a sight-threatening intraocular inflammatory disorder which may occur from both infectious and non-infectious or autoimmune causes. The frequency of infectious uveitis and autoimmune uveitis varies depending on countries and regions. According to a nationwide survey conducted by the Japanese Ocular Inflammation Society, infectious and non-infectious uveitis accounted for 16.4 and 50.1% of new patients, respectively while the remaining 33.5% of new uveitis cases were not classified or were idiopathic uveitis. Infectious uveitis is particularly important because it causes tissue damage to the eye and may result in blindness unless treated. However, it can be treated if the pathogenic microorganisms are identified promptly and accurately. Remarkable advancements in molecular and immunological technologies have been made in the last decade, and the diagnosis of infectious uveitis has been greatly improved by the application of molecular and immunological investigations, particularly polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR performed on a small amount of ocular samples provides a prompt, sensitive, and specific molecular diagnosis of pathogenic microorganisms in the eye. This technology has opened a new era in the diagnosis and treatment of uveitis, enabling physicians to establish new clinical entities of uveitis caused by infectious microorganisms, identify pathogens in the eyes of many patients with uveitis, and determine prompt diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Here we review the PCR process, new PCR tests specialized for ocular diseases, microorganisms detected by the PCR tests, diseases in the eye caused by these microorganisms, and the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and therapy of uveitis.

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Validation of a Diagnostic Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Infectious Posterior Uveitis

Dabil

Boley²,

Schmitz³

et al. 2001

Arch Ophthalmol

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To valide a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay capable of simultaneously screening vitreous biopsy specimens for a panel of common pathogens in posterior uveitis. Methods: A multiplex PCR assay using novel primer sets for cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Toxoplasma gondii was developed. The sensitivity of the assay was determined for purified pathogen DNA. Twenty-one vitreous specimens from patients with posterior uveitis were tested by both multiplex and monoplex PCR. Results: Fewer than 10 genomes of VZV and fewer than 100 genomes of HSV, CMV, and T gondii could be detected using the new primer sets. When used in multiplex, the assay lost less than 1 log of sensitivity. Mono-plex PCR detected pathogen DNA in 18 of 21 patient samples; multiplex PCR detected pathogen DNA in 15 of the 18 samples positive by monoplex PCR. None of 10 negative control samples were positive for pathogen DNA. Conclusions: Multiplex PCR has adequate sensitivity to simultaneously screen a substantial differential diagnosis for posterior uveitis in a single reaction, without loss of specificity. This assay may reduce the time and cost involved in PCR-based molecular diagnostics of infectious pathogens. Clinical Relevance: Mutiplex PCR may allow rapid diagnosis of infectious posterior uveitis.

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Detection of Herpesvirus DNA in Vitreous and Aqueous Specimens by the Polymerase Chain Reaction

Cited by 113 publications

References 21 publications

Varicella-Zoster Virus Is Strongly Associated with Atypical Necrotizing Herpetic Retinopathies

Varicella-Zoster Virus Is Strongly Associated with Atypical Necrotizing Herpetic Retinopathies

A new era of uveitis: impact of polymerase chain reaction in intraocular inflammatory diseases

Validation of a Diagnostic Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for Infectious Posterior Uveitis

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