Detection of hepatocyte growth factor in oral rinses using water for possible periodontal diagnosis

Abstract

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) levels in oral rinses using water and clinical parameters of periodontitis; and furthermore, to evaluate the potential of a prototype HGF immunochromatographic paper test strip (HGF-TS) for screening of periodontitis, in comparison with a commercially-available occult blood (hemoglobin) test strip (Hb-TS). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded, and oral rinses were collected, from 125 subjects. Then, the presence of HGF, and hemoglobin (Hb), in each sample was detected using a prototype HGF-TS and an Hb-TS. In addition, the concentrations of HGF and Hb were also determined in each sample is necessary HGF concentrations in oral rinses showed significant correlations with clinical parameters of periodontitis. The positive rate and read value on HGF-TS showed significantly high values in cases of severe periodontitis compared to healthy subjects. Hb-TS showed generally higher positive rates than HGF-TS; however, it showed false positive results in healthy subjects. The concentration of HGF in oral rinses showed close association with the severity of periodontitis, suggesting that the prototype HGF-TS has potential for use in the diagnosis of periodontitis, although further refinement of the test strip is required to increase the sensitivity. Keywords; hepatocyte growth factor, immunochromatgraphic paper, mass-screening test, occult blood test, periodontitis Materials and Methods Subjects and clinical evaluation of periodontal status A total of 125 subjects (60 male and 65 female) participated in this study. The subjects with periodontal disease were patients of the Department of Periodontics, Dental Hospital of Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU). The healthy subjects were volunteers consisting of dentists in the Department of Periodontology, TMDU, as well as dentists and hygienists from private dental offices. Written informed consent for participation was obtained from all individuals. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, TMDU (#1209), and the study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2013, and the ethical guidelines for epidemiology research of 2002, as revised in 2008 (Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan). Subjects were selected according to the following criteria: absence of systemic diseases, no systemic antibiotics taken in preceding 3 months, and no pregnancy or lactation. Participants underwent a full-mouth periodontal examination including probing pocket depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) at all six sites of each tooth, as well as tooth mobility. Examinations were conducted by each patient's dentist. Radiographic examination (bisecting angle technique) was performed for some of the periodontitis patients and healthy subjects, and bone crest level (BCL) was determined. BCL was defined as the vertical distance (mm) from cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the most crestal point of marginal bone [19-21], and w...

ICP-Mass-Spectrometry Ionic Profile of Whole Saliva in Patients with Untreated and Treated Periodontitis

“…The concentration of hemoglobin in saliva or oral rinse using water has demonstrated positive association with degree of gingival inflammation, periodontal parameters, and bone loss [ 45 ]. For these reasons the salivary occult test has been proposed for periodontal diagnosis, but has not gained widespread use due to the false positive results in healthy subjects and the inability to selectively detect periodontitis patients [ 46 ].…”

Hepatocyte growth factor is protective in early stage but bone‐destructive in late stage of experimental periodontitis

“…High HGF levels have been found in periodontitis patients compared to healthy individuals. 5,7 In this study, we aimed to clarify the effects of HGF on the course of experimental periodontitis. We found that HGF levels in periodontitis tissues from WT and HGF-Tg mice were higher than in their respective controls, and HGF levels were higher in HGF-Tg periodontitis tissues compared to WT periodontitis.…”

“…Previous clinical studies found high levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in saliva, blood, gingival crevicular fluid, and gingival tissues in patients with periodontitis; HGF is positively correlated with the severity of periodontitis and is significantly reduced by periodontal therapy. [4][5][6][7] In in vitro experimental model of periodontitis, HGF can promote collagen degradation and epithelial apical migration in periodontitis. 8,9 In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that anti-HGF-neutralizing antibodies can ameliorate the severity of naturally occurring periodontitis in cynomolgus monkeys.…”

“…10 As such, HGF levels offer a potential target for the diagnosis and treatment of human periodontitis. 5 HGF is a multifunctional growth factor that plays an important role in the regeneration, repair, and healing of various organs and tissues. 11 HGF is a key protective protein against inflammation; these effects include proinflammatory cytokine inhibition and the promotion of anti-inflammatory cytokines.…”

“…Multiple growth factors have been found to partake in the inflammation and progre‐ ssion of periodontitis. Previous clinical studies found high levels of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in saliva, blood, gingival crevicular fluid, and gingival tissues in patients with periodontitis; HGF is positively correlated with the severity of periodontitis and is significantly reduced by periodontal therapy 4–7 . In in vitro experimental model of periodontitis, HGF can promote collagen degradation and epithelial apical migration in periodontitis 8,9 .…”