Detection of hepatocellular carcinoma and its metastases with various pulse sequences using superparamagnetic iron oxide (SHU-555-A)

Abstract

SHU-555-A will increase the detectability of HCC and its liver metastases. T1W- and T2*W-GRE sequences would be the sequences of choice.

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of vascular–extravascular exchanges during liver carcinogenesis: application to MRI contrast agents

“…Gd-DOTA is currently used in clinical routine and is thus presented here as the reference molecule. P792 was chosen as an example of a recently developed macromolecular blood pool agent, while SHU-555-A, which has interesting because very different characteristics, has been proved useful in the detection of HCC (28). Different stages in the development of a HCC in the liver were simulated and the main results are presented in Fig.…”

MRI in the Evaluation of Hepatocellular Nodules: Role of Pulse Sequences and Contrast Agents

“…Previous studies emphasized that SPIO allows definite improvement of the detectability of hepatocellular nodules, as well as hepatic metastases, on unenhanced MR images up to the level of CT during arterial portography (CTAP), even with a low-field-strength MR unit ( fig. 9), because of its liver-specific contrast enhancement [31,32]. In addition to the lesion sensitivity, the lesion specificity of hepatocellular nodules can also be improved with SPIO-enhanced MR imaging because SPIO-enhanced MR imaging is useful to exclude hypervascular pseudolesions represented by small arterioportal shunts which frequently appear on arterial-phase MR/CT images.…”

“…These MR findings are useful to estimate the tumor differentiation and allow diagnosis of 'nodule-in-nodule HCC'. but T2*-weighted (T2*W) sequence [32] (fig. 10).…”

Double-contrast MRI (DC-MRI) in the study of the cirrhotic liver: utility of administering Gd-DTPA as a complement to examinations in which SPIO liver uptake and distribution alterations (SPIO-LUDA) are present and in the identification and characterisation of focal lesions

“…Le riserve sull'uso dei MdC SPIO nella cirrosi epatica si basano sulla possibilità che in tale patologia il notevole sovvertimento della struttura e delle funzioni epatiche, le alterazioni vascolari intraepatiche, la presenza di processi flogistici e la steatosi possano alterare il meccanismo d'azione dei MdC SPIO, riducendone l'efficacia e che gli HCC ben differenziati possano captare i MdC SPIO come i noduli di rigenerazione (NR) e i noduli displasici (ND) rendendone difficile l'identificazione e la caratterizzazione [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. Le cur in cirrhosis and other liver conditions have been grouped together and termed SPIO-LUDA (liver uptake and distribution alterations) [30].…”

“…Reservations regarding the use of SPIO agents in liver cirrhosis are based on the possibility that the significant subversion of liver structure and function, intrahepatic vascular alterations, presence of inflammatory processes, and steatosis can alter the action of ferumoxides and reduce their effectiveness and that well-differentiated HCC can take up SPIO in the same way as regenerative nodules (RN) and dysplastic nodules (DN), thus making their differentiation difficult [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. The alterations in liver uptake and distribution of SPIO that can ocresezione epatica per HCC.…”