Detection of hepatitis A virus from clotting factors implicated as a source of HAV infection among haemophilia patients in Korea

Jee, Youngmee; Go, Un Yeong; Cheon, Doo‐Sung; Kang, Yeon‐Ho; Yoon, Jaedeuk; Lee, S.-W.; Shin, Young Hack; Kim, K.-S.; Lee, J.-K.; Jeong, Eunkyeong; Yang, Byung-Guk; Cho, H. W.

doi:10.1017/s0950268805004632

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In our present study, we amplified the nef gene in sera obtained earlier than the peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples used in previous studies, 9,13 thereby facilitating extension of the follow-up period from 1991. Within these KSB cases with highly limited variations, donors O and P formed two clusters designated O and P, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetic Analysis of the EarliestnefGene from Hemophiliacs and Local Controls in Korea

Cho

Kim

Foley

2012

BioResearch Open Access

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Twenty hemophiliacs (HPs) were found to have human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) 1–2 years after exposure to Factor IX manufactured in Korea in late 1989. Plasma samples collected from donors O and P during their pre-seroconversion acute infection stage were used to manufacture clotting factors, including Factor IX, to treat these patients. To assess whether a genetic relationship exists between the viruses infecting HIV-1-positive HPs and those infecting plasma donors, we evaluated the nef sequences in 216 individuals. Frozen-stored serum samples obtained 1–3 years after the diagnosis of HIV-1 in the 20 HPs were used for amplification of the nef gene by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, and amplicons were subjected to direct sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the nef sequences from 143 of the samples belonged to the Korean subclade of HIV-1 subtype B (KSB). Sequences of the nef gene from donors O and P and the 20 HPs comprised two subclusters within KSB together with several local control (LC) sequences. In addition, signature pattern analysis revealed the presence of conserved nucleotides at eight positions in donors O and P compared with LCs (p<0.01). These nationwide and comprehensive nef data support the previous conclusion that HPs were infected with HIV-1 from the clotting factor, although the stringency of nef is weaker than for the pol and vif genes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 At present, cash-paid plasma donation is not permitted by law, and heat inactivation is not included in the original procedure, even though RNA from the Hepatitis A virus was amplified in vials of Factors VIII and IX from 1998 to 1999. 13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic Analysis of the EarliestnefGene from Hemophiliacs and Local Controls in Korea

Cho

Kim

Foley

2012

BioResearch Open Access

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“…Up to date, HAV has been known to be transmitted through fecal to oral route. However, by the outbreak of the subgenotype IIIA of intravenous drug users and infection of HAV in hemophilia patients by clotting factor,19 it can be possible that HAV is also transmitted by the parenteral route. This change of mode of transmission is likely due to nucleotide variability that reach 4% of the subgenotype IIIA, and it is also possible that HAV has high selection pressure through fecal to oral route and infection through blood has low selection pressure 20,21.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis A Virus in the South-East Area of Gyeonggi-do in Korea

et al. 2009

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PurposeHepatitis A virus (HAV) has been a leading cause of acute hepatitis in Korea. The reported genotypes of acute hepatitis A in Korea are the subgenotype IA and IB. The aim of the present study is to investigate HAV genotypes in the south-east area of Gyeonggi-do in Korea.Materials and MethodsFrom June 2004 to June 2006, 46 acute hepatitis A patients were enrolled prospectively. All had sporadic acute hepatitis A patients. All suspected cases of acute hepatitis A were tested for IgM anti-HAV antibodies. We sequenced 168 bp of nucleotides of the putative VP1/P2A junction and determined the HAV genotype with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The clinical and laboratory results of all patients were recorded.ResultsHAV-ribonucleic acid (RNA) was detected in 41 samples out of 46 samples. Among the 41 samples, 25 (60%) were shown to have subgenotype IIIA and the other 16 (40%) were subgenotype IA. Several amino acid substitutions were found.ConclusionIn these HAV sporadic cases, IIIA and IA were identified, and this may reflect co-circulation of various genotypes in Korea. This study provides valuable new data on the genetic distribution of HAV and important information to help design appropriate public health measures.

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“…Such examples of HIV infection have been well documented among hemophiliacs in the nineties (Kleim et al, 1990), which was followed by several other outbreaks of blood borne pathogens worldwide, such as HCV (Bresee et al, 1996; Echevarria et al, 1996; Lawlor et al, 1999; Lefrere et al, 1996), Parvovirus 19, and Hepatitis A virus (Blumel et al, 2002; Jee et al, 2006; Johnson et al, 1995; Kupfer et al, 1995; Mannucci et al, 1994; Soucie, Siwak, Hooper, Evatt, & Hollinger, 2004). Since HIV incidence is rising along the U.S./Mexico border (Strathdee & Magis-Rodriguez, 2008), it is worthy to consider that HIV antibody screening could theoretically miss a small number of HIV-infected IDUs in the window period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-border paid plasma donation among injection drug users in two Mexico–U.S. border cities

Volkow¹,

Brouwer²,

Loza³

et al. 2009

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Objective-Paid plasma donation has contributed to HIV epidemics in many countries. Eleven million liters of plasma are fractionated annually in the U.S., mainly from paid donors. Deferral of high risk donors such as injection drug users (IDUs) is required for paid donations. We studied circumstances surrounding paid plasma donation among IDUs in two Mexican-U.S. border cities.Methods-In 2005, IDUs ≥18 years old in Tijuana (N=222) and Cd. Juarez (N=206) who injected in the last month were recruited through respondent-driven sampling. Subjects underwent antibody testing for HIV and HCV and an interviewer-administered survey including questions on donating and selling whole blood and plasma.Results-Of 428 IDUs, HIV and HCV prevalence were 3% and 96%, respectively; 75 (17.5%) reported ever having donated/sold their blood or plasma, of whom 28 (37%) had sold their plasma for an average of $16 USD. The majority of IDUs selling plasma were residents of Ciudad Juarez (82%); 93% had sold their plasma only in the U.S. The last time they sold their plasma, 65% of IDUs had been asked if they injected drugs. Although the median time since last selling plasma was 13 years ago, 3 had done so within the prior two years, one within the prior 6 months; of these 3 IDUs, 2 were from Cd. Juarez, one from Tijuana; all 3 had only sold their plasma in the U.S.Conclusions-Although selling plasma appears uncommon among IDUs in these two Mexican border cities, the majority sold plasma in the U.S and only one-third were deferred as high-risk donors. Paying donors for plasma should be a matter of public inquiry to encourage strict compliance with regulations. Plasma clinics should defer donors not only on behavioral risks, but should specifically inspect for injection stigmata.

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Detection of hepatitis A virus from clotting factors implicated as a source of HAV infection among haemophilia patients in Korea

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

Phylogenetic Analysis of the EarliestnefGene from Hemophiliacs and Local Controls in Korea

Phylogenetic Analysis of the EarliestnefGene from Hemophiliacs and Local Controls in Korea

Molecular Epidemiology of Hepatitis A Virus in the South-East Area of Gyeonggi-do in Korea

Cross-border paid plasma donation among injection drug users in two Mexico–U.S. border cities

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