Detection of hepatic steatosis and iron content at 3 Tesla: comparison of two-point Dixon, quantitative multi-echo Dixon, and MR spectroscopy

Zhan, Chenyang; Olsen, Sonja K.; Zhang, Hoi Cheung; Kannengießer, Stephan; Chandarana, Hersh; Shanbhogue, Krishna

doi:10.1007/s00261-019-02118-9

Cited by 17 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Based on measurements in the right liver lobe (avoiding visible blood vessels) using conventional Cartesian multi‐echo MRI during breath‐holding, 7 patients had hepatic fat overload, and 2 patients had liver iron overload. Here, cutoff values proposed by Zhan et al 47 (PDFF: 3.4%;

R_{2}^{*}

: 60.5 1/s) were applied. Data were acquired pre‐contrast on a 3T scanner (MAGNETOM Skyra, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) using a spine and body array coil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free‐breathing fat and R₂* quantification in the liver using a stack‐of‐stars multi‐echo acquisition with respiratory‐resolved model‐based reconstruction

Schneider

Benkert

Solomon

et al. 2020

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Purpose To develop a free‐breathing hepatic fat and quantification method by extending a previously described stack‐of‐stars model‐based fat‐water separation technique with additional modeling of the transverse relaxation rate . Methods The proposed technique combines motion‐robust radial sampling using a stack‐of‐stars bipolar multi‐echo 3D GRE acquisition with iterative model‐based fat‐water separation. Parallel‐Imaging and Compressed‐Sensing principles are incorporated through modeling of the coil‐sensitivity profiles and enforcement of total‐variation (TV) sparsity on estimated water, fat, and parameter maps. Water and fat signals are used to estimate the confounder‐corrected proton‐density fat fraction (PDFF). Two strategies for handling respiratory motion are described: motion‐averaged and motion‐resolved reconstruction. Both techniques were evaluated in patients ( n = 14) undergoing a hepatobiliary research protocol at 3T. PDFF and parameter maps were compared to a breath‐holding Cartesian reference approach. Results Linear regression analyses demonstrated strong ( r > 0.96) and significant ( P ≪ .01) correlations between radial and Cartesian PDFF measurements for both the motion‐averaged reconstruction (slope: 0.90; intercept: 0.07%) and the motion‐resolved reconstruction (slope: 0.90; intercept: 0.11%). The motion‐averaged technique overestimated hepatic values (slope: 0.35; intercept: 30.2 1/s) compared to the Cartesian reference. However, performing a respiratory‐resolved reconstruction led to better value consistency (slope: 0.77; intercept: 7.5 1/s). Conclusions The proposed techniques are promising alternatives to conventional Cartesian imaging for fat and quantification in patients with limited breath‐holding capabilities. For accurate estimation, respiratory‐resolved reconstruction should be used.

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R_{2}^{*}

: 60.5 1/s) were applied. Data were acquired pre‐contrast on a 3T scanner (MAGNETOM Skyra, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) using a spine and body array coil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free‐breathing fat and R₂* quantification in the liver using a stack‐of‐stars multi‐echo acquisition with respiratory‐resolved model‐based reconstruction

Schneider

Benkert

Solomon

et al. 2020

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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“…This sequence was performed in a single breath-hold of 15 s. The acquisition parameters were as follows: Echo time (TE) = 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 ms, repetition time (TR) = 3000 ms, and flip angle = 90°. STEAM was used because of its inherently short TE[ 13 ] and can provide more consistent fat fraction estimates due to J-coupling effects compared with the point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) model[ 23 ]. A total of 1024 sampling points were acquired at a bandwidth of 1200 Hz.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, liver biopsy is the gold standard for evaluating liver fat accumulation. However, biopsy is an invasive procedure limited by sampling bias and variability among observers and intra-observers; moreover, it may also lead to complications such as bleeding and pseudoaneurysms[ 13 ]. Computed tomography (CT)[ 14 ] and ultrasonography[ 15 ] have been previously used to detect liver steatosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver fat accumulation measured by high-speed T2-corrected multi-echo magnetic resonance spectroscopy can predict risk of cholelithiasis

Chen¹,

Zeng²,

Shi³

et al. 2020

WJG

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BACKGROUND Liver fat accumulation is associated with increased cholesterol synthesis and hypersecretion of biliary cholesterol, which may be related to the development of cholelithiasis. AIM To investigate whether liver fat accumulation measured by high-speed T2-corrected multi-echo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a risk factor for cholelithiasis. METHODS Forty patients with cholelithiasis and thirty-one healthy controls were retrospectively enrolled. The participants underwent high-speed T2-corrected multi-echo single-voxel MRS of the liver at a 3T MR scanner. The proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and R2 value were calculated. Serum parameters and waist circumference (WC) were recorded. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between PDFF, R2, and WC values. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to determine the significant predictors of the risk of cholelithiasis. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the discriminative performance of significant predictors. RESULTS Patients with cholelithiasis had higher PDFF, R2, and WC values compared with healthy controls (5.8% ± 4.2% vs 3.3% ± 2.4%, P = 0.001; 50.4 ± 24.8/s vs 38.3 ± 8.8/s, P = 0.034; 85.3 ± 9.0 cm vs 81.0 ± 6.9 cm, P = 0.030; respectively). Liver iron concentration extrapolated from R2 values was significantly higher in the cholelithiasis group (2.21 ± 2.17 mg/g dry tissue vs 1.22 ± 0.49 mg/g dry tissue, P = 0.034) than in the healthy group. PDFF was positively correlated with WC ( r = 0.502, P < 0.001) and R2 ( r = 0.425, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only PDFF was an independent risk factor for cholelithiasis (odds ratio = 1.79, 95%CI: 1.22-2.62, P = 0.003). ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve of PDFF was 0.723 for discriminating cholelithiasis from healthy controls, with a sensitivity of 55.0% and specificity of 83.9% when the cut-off value of PDFF was 4.4%. CONCLUSION PDFF derived from high speed T2-corrected multi-echo MRS can predict the risk of cholelithiasis.

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“…The other technique, the 3D Multi-Echo Dixon, can be used to evaluate both liver steatosis and iron deposition at the same time [ 54 ]. Although promising, the relaxation rate R2* (1/T2*) may be affected by fibrosis without iron overload and reported a failure rate of from 4 to 14% due to fat–water swap [ 55 , 56 , 57 ], while MRS reported a lower failure rate [ 57 ]. For more information on MRI techniques beyond the scope of this review, please refer to more detailed review articles [ 18 , 29 , 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Available Imaging Modalities For Liver Fat Assessment Compared To Mrsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Hepatic Fat from Fundamental to Clinical Applications

et al. 2021

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The number of individuals suffering from fatty liver is increasing worldwide, leading to interest in the noninvasive study of liver fat. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful tool that allows direct quantification of metabolites in tissue or areas of interest. MRS has been applied in both research and clinical studies to assess liver fat noninvasively in vivo. MRS has also demonstrated excellent performance in liver fat assessment with high sensitivity and specificity compared to biopsy and other imaging modalities. Because of these qualities, MRS has been generally accepted as the reference standard for the noninvasive measurement of liver steatosis. MRS is an evolving technique with high potential as a diagnostic tool in the clinical setting. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the MRS principle for liver fat assessment and its application, and to summarize the current state of MRS study in comparison to other techniques.

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Detection of hepatic steatosis and iron content at 3 Tesla: comparison of two-point Dixon, quantitative multi-echo Dixon, and MR spectroscopy

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Free‐breathing fat and R₂* quantification in the liver using a stack‐of‐stars multi‐echo acquisition with respiratory‐resolved model‐based reconstruction

Free‐breathing fat and R₂* quantification in the liver using a stack‐of‐stars multi‐echo acquisition with respiratory‐resolved model‐based reconstruction

Liver fat accumulation measured by high-speed T2-corrected multi-echo magnetic resonance spectroscopy can predict risk of cholelithiasis

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Hepatic Fat from Fundamental to Clinical Applications

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Detection of hepatic steatosis and iron content at 3 Tesla: comparison of two-point Dixon, quantitative multi-echo Dixon, and MR spectroscopy

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Free‐breathing fat and R2* quantification in the liver using a stack‐of‐stars multi‐echo acquisition with respiratory‐resolved model‐based reconstruction

Free‐breathing fat and R2* quantification in the liver using a stack‐of‐stars multi‐echo acquisition with respiratory‐resolved model‐based reconstruction

Liver fat accumulation measured by high-speed T2-corrected multi-echo magnetic resonance spectroscopy can predict risk of cholelithiasis

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Hepatic Fat from Fundamental to Clinical Applications

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Free‐breathing fat and R₂* quantification in the liver using a stack‐of‐stars multi‐echo acquisition with respiratory‐resolved model‐based reconstruction

Free‐breathing fat and R₂* quantification in the liver using a stack‐of‐stars multi‐echo acquisition with respiratory‐resolved model‐based reconstruction