Detection of hemoparasites in bats, Bangladesh

Islam, Shariful; Ahmed, Rakib Uddin; Rahman, Mohammad Lutfur; Ferdous, Jinnat; Uddin, Mohammad Zashim; Akter, Shirin; Faruq, Abdullah Al; Hassan, Mohammad Mahmudul; Islam, A. B. M. Saiful; Islam, Ariful

doi:10.11609/jott.5466.12.10.16245-16250

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Anniko Hannak and Claudia Wagner have carried out detailed study [34] on online marketplace. They are agree with the notion of Zubair Nawaz [32] and Muhammad Atiqul Islam [33] that freelance work exhibits more flexibility and independence than working as conventional employee. But they have analyzed the existence of human bias in the business of employment as factor limiting a significant number of professionals in achieving their work related goals.…”

Section: Self-employment(freelancing)supporting

confidence: 85%

“…This can create stress and uncertainty in the minds of freelance professionals. Another study [33] supports the notion of other researchers by arguing that freelance market of jobs provides significant flexibility to workers. The workers in this market have better control over their work, schedule and their lives as compared to traditional employees.…”

Section: Self-employment(freelancing)supporting

confidence: 67%

“…Muhammad Atiqul Islam [33] has reported a survey in a freelancer website, it has shown that 80% of the participants were thinking that flexibility and freedom of work is the main factors that attract online freelancers. Further he adds that according to evidences in the study [33] female workers are increasingly taking part in this market. Anniko Hannak and Claudia Wagner have carried out detailed study [34] on online marketplace.…”

Section: Self-employment(freelancing)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Freelancing as an alternative Market for software Professionals in Pakistan

Abrar

Rehman

Usman

et al. 2021

VFAST trans. softw. eng.

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Researchers have already shown that job satisfaction of workers is highly associated with motivation, performance and satisfaction of workers/professionals. Conventionally workers in software industry are employed in software companies or organizations and get regular salary for their services to organization in regular office hours; however the growing use of communication technology has generated a new type of online workers, which work on project basis without affiliation with any specific software organization are known as freelancers and are continuously growing in most of the developing countries like Pakistan. This work has quantitatively analyzed the freelancers and traditional workers based on the factors already associated with job satisfaction and growth opportunities present in the field of freelancing and traditional employment in organizational setting such as company office in Pakistani context. We used online survey to collect evidences from both fields. The descriptive analysis of the evidences has shown significant differences between the two groups of workers regarding the factors such as work environment, work hours management, and job security that contribute to the job satisfaction and dissatisfaction of workers, however no significant difference has seen regarding a number of factors such as average work hour and earning amount. The resultant information of this study may help new computer graduates of Pakistan to find their way in selecting their career type and work life in the software industry of Pakistan.

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Section: Self-employment(freelancing)supporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Self-employment(freelancing)supporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Self-employment(freelancing)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Freelancing as an alternative Market for software Professionals in Pakistan

Abrar

Rehman

Usman

et al. 2021

VFAST trans. softw. eng.

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“…FIGURE 5Percentage with single or mixed infections of different GI parasite species in goats and sheep in China. (143/835) in goats, and 4.47% (11/246) in sheep respectively, which was lower than that (28%) in fat-tailed sheep in Bangladesh reported byIslam et al (2019).M. expansa and M. benedeni are the common species of the genus Moniezia.…”

mentioning

confidence: 54%

Prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasites in goats (Capra hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries) from three provinces of China

Cai,

Cheng,

Feng

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in small ruminants, especially goats and sheep, have caused significant socio-economic and public health challenges worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the diversity and prevalence of GI parasites in goats and sheep in Jiangsu, Shaanxi and Hunan provinces of China, and to assess whether the age of animals, sampling season and feeding mode influence the distribution and infection of GI parasites. A total of 1,081 fecal samples collected from goats (n = 835) and sheep (n = 246) were detected by saturated saline flotation technique and nylon sifter elutriation and sieving method for eggs/oocysts, respectively. Based on the morphological observation of eggs and oocysts, one tapeworm, five nematodes, three trematodes and nineteen coccidia were identified, of which seven helminths belong to zoonotic parasites. The infection rate of parasites was 83.4% (902/1081) in total samples, 91.6% (765/835) in goats, and 55.7% (137/246) in sheep. The infection rate of coccidia was 71.0% (767/1081), and that of helminths was 56.2% (607/1081). The dominant species was E. alijeri (67.3%, 562/835) in goats, E. parva (30.1%, 74/246) in sheep. The highest prevalent helminths were Trichostrongylidae spp. in goats (58.3%, 487/835), and Moniezia spp. in sheep (22.76%, 56/246). Of 902 positive samples, 825 (91.5%, 825/902) contained multiple (2–10) parasites. The feeding mode, sampling season and regions were relevant risk factors which have significant influence on the occurrence of GI parasites in goats and sheep. The risk coefficient of parasite infection in autumn was 2.49 times higher than spring (Odds ratio = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.51–4.09, p < 0.001). Compared to raising on the high beds, the goats and sheep raising on the ground had the higher risk of parasite infection (OR = 3.91, 95% CI = 2.07–7.40, p < 0.001). The risk coefficient of parasite infection in Shaanxi and Hunan was 3.78 and 1.25 times higher than that in Jiangsu (OR = 3.78, 95% CI = 2.01–7.12, p < 0.001; OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.21–1.29, p < 0.001). These data are significant for the development of prevention strategies to minimise economic losses from small ruminant production and to reduce the risk of water and food infecting humans as vectors of zoonotic parasitic diseases.

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“…The question is how they evolve in hosts like bats and other wildlife in its niche. The physiological system of bats is more unique than other animals and birds (Hossain et al, 2013a(Hossain et al, , 2013b) and provides an optimum niche for these viruses to reproduce rapidly and attain exclusive spillover ability without any clinical diseases in this host (Islam et al, 2020). They could mitigate the viruses within their delicate immune system, but unfortunately, the species jumping through bats to humans induce the virus to overwhelm the human immune mechanism.…”

Section: How Current Pandemics Have Evolved Through the Virus Spillov...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Major bat‐borne zoonotic viral epidemics in Asia and Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Islam

Hassan

2022

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Bats are the natural reservoir host for many pathogenic and non‐pathogenic viruses, potentially spilling over to humans and domestic animals directly or via an intermediate host. The ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic is the continuation of virus spillover events that have taken place over the last few decades, particularly in Asia and Africa. Therefore, these bat‐associated epidemics provide a significant number of hints, including respiratory cellular tropism, more intense susceptibility to these cell types, and overall likely to become a pandemic for the next spillover. In this systematic review, we analysed data to insight, through bat‐originated spillover in Asia and Africa. We used STATA/IC‐13 software for descriptive statistics and meta‐analysis. The random effect of meta‐analysis showed that the pooled estimates of case fatality rates of bat‐originated viral zoonotic diseases were higher in Africa (61.06%, 95%CI: 50.26 to 71.85, l2% = 97.3, p < 0.001). Moreover, estimates of case fatality rates were higher in Ebola (61.06%; 95%CI: 50.26 to 71.85, l2% = 97.3, p < 0.001) followed by Nipah (55.19%; 95%CI: 39.29 to 71.09, l2% = 94.2, p < 0.001), MERS (18.49%; 95%CI: 8.19 to 28.76, l2% = 95.4, p < 0.001) and SARS (10.86%; 95%CI: 6.02 to 15.71, l2% = 85.7, p < 0.001) with the overall case fatality rates of 29.86 (95%CI: 29.97 to 48.58, l2% = 99.0, p < 0.001). Bat‐originated viruses have caused several outbreaks of deadly diseases, including Nipah, Ebola, SARS and MERS in Asia and Africa in a sequential fashion. Nipah virus emerged first in Malaysia, but later, periodic outbreaks were noticed in Bangladesh and India. Similarly, the Ebola virus was detected in the African continent with neurological disorders in humans, like Nipah, seen in the Asian region. Two important coronaviruses, MERS and SARS, were introduced, both with the potential to infect respiratory passages. This paper explores the dimension of spillover events within and/or between bat–human and the epidemiological risk factors, which may lead to another pandemic occurring. Further, these processes enhance the bat‐originated virus, which utilises an intermediate host to jump into human species.

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Detection of hemoparasites in bats, Bangladesh

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Freelancing as an alternative Market for software Professionals in Pakistan

Freelancing as an alternative Market for software Professionals in Pakistan

Prevalence and risk factors associated with gastrointestinal parasites in goats (Capra hircus) and sheep (Ovis aries) from three provinces of China

Major bat‐borne zoonotic viral epidemics in Asia and Africa: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

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