Detection of Genes Related to Resistance to Silver Nanoparticles in Bacteria from Secondary Endodontic Infections

Abstract

Introduction. Silver nanoparticles are used in endodontics due to their antimicrobial activity, although it is considered that bacteria are unable to develop resistance to silver nanoparticles. Silver resistance genes have been related to resistance to nanoparticles and antibiotics. The presence of these resistance genes has not been studied in endodontic bacteria. The objective of this study is to report the prevalence of silver resistance genes in endodontic bacteria. Methods. The selected teeth were isolated using a rubber dam and any restoration, post, or caries was eliminated. The operative field was disinfected, and the root-filling material was removed. The samples were obtained using three sterile paper points to absorb the fluid of the root canal. The DNA from the samples and the control organism was extracted, and the detection of the silCBA resistance genes was carried out by PCR. Results. The results of this study show a high prevalence (73.3%) of silCBA silver resistance genes. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient was utilized to identify correlations between the presence of genes and clinical variables. Conclusions. This study reports a high frequency of silver resistance genes related to nanoparticle resistant from bacteria.

Enhanced Antibacterial and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Antimicrobial Peptides Modified Silver Nanoparticles

“…[24][25][26] For instance, Ramyaa et al reported that dexamethasone-silver nanoparticles embedded in dendritic collagen matrix nanoparticles reduced biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia. 26 With the rapid development of nanotechnology, a lot of novel antimicrobial agents and methods have been put forward and studied, such as antibacterial peptides (AMP), 27,28 quaternary ammonium compounds, 29 quantum dots, 30 photodynamic therapy 31 and photothermal therapy. 32 Antimicrobial peptides are a diverse group of naturally occurring molecules, which can be produced by various kinds of living organisms including bacteria and animals.…”

“…With the rapid development of nanotechnology, a lot of novel antimicrobial agents and methods have been put forward and studied, such as antibacterial peptides (AMP), 27 , 28 quaternary ammonium compounds, 29 quantum dots, 30 photodynamic therapy 31 and photothermal therapy. 32 Antimicrobial peptides are a diverse group of naturally occurring molecules, which can be produced by various kinds of living organisms including bacteria and animals.…”

Dental Plaque Microbial Resistomes of Periodontal Health and Disease and Their Changes after Scaling and Root Planing Therapy

“…With respect to nanoparticulate metals, most attention has been paid to the antimicrobial properties of silver and copper ( 20 , 21 ). A recent study, however, showed a high frequency of silver-resistant genes in endodontic bacteria ( 22 ). Notably, over the past few decades, the coselection phenomenon of ARGs and MRGs frequently has been observed in a variety of environments ( 23 , 24 ).…”

“…Previous studies have evaluated the composition and changes of ARGs and MRGs in the dental plaque mostly through traditional culture- and amplification-based genetic methods ( 22 , 29 – 31 ). These methods, however, did not consider unculturable bacteria, the limited number of available primers for targeted genes, amplification bias, or low throughput.…”

Proteomic analysis of an Enterococcus faecalis mutant generated against the exposure to silver nanoparticles

“…This assumption contrasts with the mechanisms used by Gram‐negative bacteria, in which the primary efflux mechanism of the Ag + released from the NPs appears to be the efflux pumps of the resistance‐nodulation‐cell division family (Niño‐Martínez et al, 2019). It was recently reported that the genes that express transport proteins responsible for the efflux of Ag + are found in samples of bacteria taken from secondary endodontic infections (Salas‐Orozco et al, 2019b).…”