Detection of Free-Living Amoebae Using Amoebal Enrichment in a Wastewater Treatment Plant of Gauteng Province, South Africa

Muchesa, P.; Mwamba, O.; Barnard, T.G.; Bartie, Catheleen

doi:10.1155/2014/575297

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These results correspond to the data obtained by Muchesa et al . [ 28 ] and Behera and Satpathy [ 29 ]. Contradictory results were described by Garajová et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact lenses contamination by Acanthamoeba spp. in Upper Egypt

et al. 2021

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Background Acanthamoeba spp. are one of the free-living amoeba that spread worldwide causing keratitis. Owing to the increase in the use of lenses, whether for medical or cosmetic purposes, the incidence of disease increases every year. Contamination of the lenses with the Acanthamoeba trophozoites or cysts may lead to eye infection and cause sight-threatening keratitis in human. We isolated Acanthamoeba spp. from new lenses, used lenses, and contact lens disinfecting solutions and identified them based on morphological characteristics and molecular test. Methods New and used lenses and contact lens disinfecting solutions were cultured on monogenic media. Light and scanning electron microscope was used to identify Acanthamoeba spp. morphological features. Genotype identification was also evaluated using PCR sequencing of 18S rRNA gene specific primer pair JDP1 and JDP2. Results A hundred samples were examined, 29 (29%) were infected with Acanthamoeba spp. That belonged to two strains of Acanthamoeba (Acanthamoeba 41 and Acanthamoeba 68). 18S rRNA of the Acanthamoeba 41 had 99.69% sequence identity to Acanthamoeba castellanii clone HDU-JUMS-2, whereas Acanthamoeba 68 had 99.74% similar pattern to that of Acanthamoeba sp. isolate T4 clone ac2t4 that are morphologically identified as Acanthamoeba polyphaga. The obtained data revealed that the isolated strains belong to T4 genotype that was evolutionarily similar to strains isolated in Iran. Conclusions Cosmetic lenses and disinfectant solutions are a major transmissible mode for infection. This genotype is common as the cause of Acanthamoeba keratitis. To avoid infection, care must be taken to clean the lenses and their preservative solutions and prevent contamination with the parasite.

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“…These results correspond to the data obtained by Muchesa et al . [ 28 ] and Behera and Satpathy [ 29 ]. Contradictory results were described by Garajová et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contact lenses contamination by Acanthamoeba spp. in Upper Egypt

et al. 2021

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“…These enteric protozoa are isolated frequently from diarrheal patients in developing regions such as Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa [33]. However, recently Muchesa et al detected 12.8% Acanthamoeba from 172 wastewater samples [34]. Our study presents the first report about detection of the following protozoa: A. castellanii, T. gondii, C. owczarzaki, B. hominis, C. muris , and T. vaginitis from zeers found in Gadarif, Juba, and Khartoum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Protozoa Species in Drinking and Environmental Water Sources in Sudan

Shanan

Abd

Bayoumi

et al. 2015

BioMed Research International

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Protozoa are eukaryotic cells distributed worldwide in nature and are receiving increasing attention as reservoirs and potential vectors for the transmission of pathogenic bacteria. In the environment, on the other hand, many genera of the protozoa are human and animal pathogens. Only limited information is available on these organisms in developing countries and so far no information on their presence is available from Sudan. It is necessary to establish a molecular identification of species of the protozoa from drinking and environmental water. 600 water samples were collected from five states (Gadarif, Khartoum, Kordofan, Juba, and Wad Madani) in Sudan and analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. 57 out of 600 water samples were PCR positive for protozoa. 38 out of the 57 positive samples were identified by sequencing to contain 66 protozoa species including 19 (28.8%) amoebae, 17 (25.7%) Apicomplexa, 25 (37.9%) ciliates, and 5 (7.6%) flagellates. This study utilized molecular methods identified species belonging to all phyla of protozoa and presented a fast and accurate molecular detection and identification of pathogenic as well as free-living protozoa in water uncovering hazards facing public health.

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“…More commonly, Legionella are identified by 16S sequencing of DNA extracts from bacteria isolated by Legionella -selective culture methods on bacteriological medium (Salloum et al, 2002 ; Sheehan et al, 2005 ) or enrichment through co-culture of environmental samples with amoebae (Pagnier et al, 2008 ). Protozoa may be identified microscopically by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or the morphological appearance of trophozoites (Jacquier et al, 2013 ; Muchesa et al, 2014 ), or by 18S sequencing of DNA extracts following an amoebal enrichment step in which individual isolates are cultured on lawns of bacteria permissive to amoebal grazing (Greub and Raoult, 2004 ; Delafont et al, 2013 ; Muchesa et al, 2014 ). Thus, while most co-isolation studies do not provide direct evidence of Legionella growth within the protozoa identified, they can be used to predict environmentally relevant interactions, to substantiate experimental findings from co-culture techniques and are likely to implicate new protozoan species as potential hosts of Legionella .…”

Section: Methods For Defining Protozoan Hosts Of Legionellamentioning

confidence: 99%

From Many Hosts, One Accidental Pathogen: The Diverse Protozoan Hosts of Legionella

Boamah

Zhou

Ensminger

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

162

137

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The 1976 outbreak of Legionnaires' disease led to the discovery of the intracellular bacterial pathogen Legionella pneumophila. Given their impact on human health, Legionella species and the mechanisms responsible for their replication within host cells are often studied in alveolar macrophages, the primary human cell type associated with disease. Despite the potential severity of individual cases of disease, Legionella are not spread from person-to-person. Thus, from the pathogen's perspective, interactions with human cells are accidents of time and space—evolutionary dead ends with no impact on Legionella's long-term survival or pathogenic trajectory. To understand Legionella as a pathogen is to understand its interaction with its natural hosts: the polyphyletic protozoa, a group of unicellular eukaryotes with a staggering amount of evolutionary diversity. While much remains to be understood about these enigmatic hosts, we summarize the current state of knowledge concerning Legionella's natural host range, the diversity of Legionella-protozoa interactions, the factors influencing these interactions, the importance of avoiding the generalization of protozoan-bacterial interactions based on a limited number of model hosts and the central role of protozoa to the biology, evolution, and persistence of Legionella in the environment.

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Detection of Free-Living Amoebae Using Amoebal Enrichment in a Wastewater Treatment Plant of Gauteng Province, South Africa

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Contact lenses contamination by Acanthamoeba spp. in Upper Egypt

Contact lenses contamination by Acanthamoeba spp. in Upper Egypt

Prevalence of Protozoa Species in Drinking and Environmental Water Sources in Sudan

From Many Hosts, One Accidental Pathogen: The Diverse Protozoan Hosts of Legionella

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