Detection of fluorotelomer alcohols in indoor environments and their relevance for human exposure

Determination of fluorotelomer alcohols in selected consumer products and preliminary investigation of their fate in the indoor environment

“…The estimated half-life of commercial acrylate-linked fluorotelomer polymers in soil is in the range of 10-17 years assuming degradation is surface-mediated (Washington et al, 2009 that elevated levels of FTOHs have been widely detected in consumer products, indoor air, and house dust (Begley et al, 2005;Joyce et al, 2006;Jensen et al, 2008;Oono et al, 2008;Strynar and Lindstrom, 2008;Fiedler et al, 2010;Huber et al, 2011;Schlummer et al, 2013;Xu et al, 2013) strongly suggests the relevance of FTOH levels in the indoor environment. FTOHs have therefore contributed to the environmental distribution of PFCAs and thus to human exposure from perfluorinated compounds.…”

“…Methanol was used to extract household consumer products (Fiedler et al, 2010) and microwave popcorn bags (Sinclair et al, 2007). Hexane was used to extract textiles (Schlummer et al, 2013). As demonstrated in Table S4, methanol extraction gives the highest concentration of the three FTOHs with least variation in %RSD in the two product samples.…”

“…FTOHs are volatile (Krusic et al, 2005) and their off-gassing from fluorotelomer-based products has been observed (Joyce et al, 2006;Sinclair et al, 2007). Schlummer et al (2013) tested the emissions of 6:2 FTOH, 8:2 FTOH, and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-1-dodecanol (10:2 FTOH) from selected textiles in a 10-L desiccator (25°C and >100 air exchanges per hour) and reported emission rates up to 494 ng h À1 .…”

Are imported consumer products an important diffuse source of PFASs to the Norwegian environment?

“…The low trace-level concentrations of PFCAs in the majority of samples may, however, also be due to a low level addition of PFCAs to products to act as leveling agents in dyes and detergents (Kissa, 2001). It is also possible that products that have not been intentionally treated with PFASs become contaminated throughout the retail chain as it has been shown that furniture and outdoor textile shops have highly elevated concentrations of FTOHs compared to other indoor environments (Schlummer et al, 2013). The presence of low molecular weight PFASs in food contact materials has previously been attributed to residuals present in polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid esters (PAPs) which are used for the treatment of paper and board (Begley et al, 2005;Trier et al, 2011).…”

Emissions of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in a Textile Manufacturing Plant in China and Their Relevance for Workers’ Exposure

“…The estimates ranged from 3.4 to 23.4 ng/(d·kg), which is lower by 2 orders of magnitude than the intake of 8:2 FTOH in the textile manufacturing plant (933−6520 ng/(d· kg)). 57 …”