Detection of flexibly bound adsorbate using the nonlinear response of quartz crystal resonator driven at high oscillation amplitude

Anharmonic acoustic effects during DNA hybridization on an electrochemical quartz crystal resonator

“…The basic principle of the instrument schematic along with a diagram was published in one of our earlier works [8]. The electrode mounting, simultaneous connection to ADT and potentiostat were as are shown in Figure 2a, which is similar to our set-up published earlier [10]. Figure 2b shows steps of functionalization of the top gold electrode of EQCM.…”

“…The influence of solvent may be introduced by the loss term in Eq.1, as it was done in our earlier work [10]. However, here it was not necessary as the change in dissipation was negligible in the experiments as explained above.…”

“…In an earlier paper [10], we treated the problem of anharmonic influence of non-rigid load in its general case by considering a damped driven oscillator. In this paper, we have neglected losses in the theoretical model, and therefore omitted the drive force and treated the problem as free oscillation.…”

“…Analyzer", has been designed, buildt and used for our experiments [10]. The basic principle of the instrument schematic along with a diagram was published in one of our earlier works [8].…”

“…Therefore, although the EQCM offers a direct and rapid platform for measurement, there is a need for an improved method for quantification of flexible adsorbate, such as ssDNA. An anharmonic detection technique, or ADT, has been reported recently to overcome the abovementioned issues and measure flexible adsorbates, such as microparticles, with a strong quantitative correlation and transduction specificity [7][8][9][10]. A QCM is largely linear at modest amplitudes, i.e.…”