Detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM) in Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from poultry in North Eastern India

Abstract

The present study was conducted to record the association of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing enteric bacteria with diarrhea of poultry birds in Mizoram, India.Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were collected from poultry birds with the history of diarrhea from different parts of Mizoram. Samples were processed for isolation and identification of Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. All the isolates were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity assays. Phenotypically, ESBLs production ability was determined by double discs synergy test (DDST) method. ESBLs producing isolates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of ESBLs genes. Plasmids were cured by acridine orange. Transfer of resistance from donor to recipient strains was done by in vitro horizontal method.Results: A total of 134 enteric bacteria was isolated, of which 102 (76.12%), 21 (15.67%) and 11 (8.21%) were E. coli, Salmonella spp. and K. pneumoniae, respectively. By DDST 7 (5.22%) isolates (6 E. coli and 1 K. pneumoniae) were ESBLs producer. PCR analysis confirmed 5 (3.73%) (4 E. coli and 1 K. pneumoniae) isolates harboured bla CTX-M-1 gene and/or bla TEM gene. All the isolates were carrying plasmids ranging between 0.9 kb and ~30 kb. Of the 4 isolates positive for bla CTX-M-1 and / or bla TEM , 2 (1.84%) were confirmed for bla CTX-M-1 gene in their plasmid. No bla TEM gene was detected from plasmid. The resistance plasmid could not be transferred to the recipient by in vitro horizontal gene transfer method. Conclusion:ESBLs producing enteric bacteria are circulating in poultry in North Eastern Region of India. As poultry is one of the most common food animals in this region, these organisms may enter in human population through them.

Occurrence of extended-spectrum cephalosporinase producing Escherichia coli in kuroiler birds

“…Prior studies in broilers in West Bengal revealed a higher occurrence rate (29.4%) of eSBL-E. coli (SaMaNta et al, 2015a). however, in other states in India, such as in Odisha and in Mizoram, the occurrence of eSBL-E. coli in broilers was low (3.9%-6.3%) (LaLZaMPUIa et al, 2014;kar et al, 2015). Comparison of extended-spectrum cephalosporinase producing-E. coli occurrence with other studies is difficult due to differences in sample size, the methodology used in the laboratory, and geographical location.…”

“…Among the eSBL enzymes, CtX-M was observed as the most prevalent type throughout the world specially in humans (CarattOLI, 2013). earlier studies in broilers around the world also identified that the majority of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli possessed bla CTX-M due to widespread use of cefotaxime and ceftriaxone, or the high mobilization of the encoding gene (raNDaLL et al, 2011;reICh et al, 2013;LaLZaMPUIa et al, 2014). In the studied kuroilers, cefotaxime or third generation cephalosporins were not used for therapeutic or preventive purposes due to the high cost.…”

“…the birds are successfully reared in a backyard system because they can easily scavenge food like indigenous birds (ahUJa et al, 2008). In India, earlier studies conducted P. Ghosh et al: extended-spectrum cephalosporinase possessing E. coli in kuroilers in healthy livestock, such as cattle, pigs and broilers, revealed the existence of eSBLproducing E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (LaLZaMPUIa et al, 2013;LaLZaMPUIa et al, 2014;SaMaNta et al, 2015;SaMaNta et al, 2015a;kar et al, 2015;MaNDakINI et al, 2015). the status of other domestic birds such as kuroilers as reservoirs of extendedspectrum cephalosporinase-producing E. coli is still unexplored.…”

Metagenomic Analysis of Total Microbial Diversity and Antibiotic Resistance of Culturable Microorganisms in Raw Chicken Meat and Mung Sprouts (<i>Phaseolus aureus</i>) Sold in Retail Markets of Mumbai, India

“…High resistance against macrolides, penicillin and newer generation doxycycline, ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime is attributed to its rampant use as veterinary therapy in livestock industry and organized farms 15,19,36,37 . This is a serious concern as most of them are clinically significant antibiotics.…”

“…More than 10 pathogenic species were resistant to 5-12 antibiotics belonging to different classes. The MAR index and co-resistance pattern can be attributed to R-plasmids or integrons harbouring multiple AR gene cassettes 37,40 . Almost all the isolates showed multi-fold increase in MIC values suggesting the presence of resistant traits.…”