Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus in 130 Cases of Eyelid Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma Using In Situ Hybridization

Abstract

Purpose. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in the eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC) and its association with the clinicopathologic features. Methods. One hundred and thirty paraffin-embedded SGC specimens were retrieved from the Clinical Pathology Department of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. Epstein–Barr virus-encoded RNA (EBER) was detected with in situ hybridization (ISH) using the Leica BOND system autostainer. The age and gender distributions of all patients were analyzed and compared with earlier reports. Pearson’s χ2 and Fisher’s exact tests were used to determine the association between clinicopathological features such as age, gender, laterality eye, tumor basal dimension, degree of tumor differentiation, and EBER positivity. Likewise, the relationship between the grade and tumor basal dimension in EBER-positive SGC of the eyelid was analyzed. Results. Thirty-four out of one hundred and thirty (26.2%) eyelid SGC specimens were positively stained for EBER. The age range of highest incidence was 46–75 years, and the female to male ratio was 1 : 0.9. No significant correlation was found between EBER-positivity and age (p=0.5370), gender (p=0.4758), and degree of tumor differentiation (p=0.7787). However, EBV positivity was strongly correlated with the right eye (p=0.0287), the tumor basal dimension (p=0.0001). EBV positivity grade presented statistically associated with tumor size (p=0.0329). Conclusion. We conclude that ISH is a sensitive method to identify EBV in SGC of the eyelid. A possible causal association of EBV in SGC patients is suggested by high frequency of EBER-ISH positivity and its association with the clinicopathologic features.

Sebaceous carcinoma in a 54-year-old Black African man after cancer chemotherapy: a case report

“…Various agents have been postulated as risk factors, including Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and ultraviolet radiation [ 13 ]. The index patient resides in Africa, which has relatively higher sunshine compared with temperate regions.…”

Integrated Whole-Exome and Transcriptome Sequencing Indicated Dysregulation of Cholesterol Metabolism in Eyelid Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma

“… 30 Epstein–Barr virus and Merkel cell polyomavirus were also reported in a part of SCs. 31 , 32 Recently, immunosuppression has been identified as a strong risk factor for SCs. Among individuals with AIDS and transplant recipients, highly elevated risk (8-fold, 25-fold) for SCs was found.…”

S1‐Leitlinie Talgdrüsenkarzinom

“…17 Neben HPV wurden auch das Merkelzell-Polyomavirus oder das Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV) als potenzielle ätiologische Faktoren erwogen. 28,29 PRÄVENTION UND SCREENING Da ein ätiopathogenetischer Zusammenhang zwischen Tumorentstehung und UV-Strahlenexposition vermutet wird, 14 können zur Prävention des Talgdrüsenkarzinoms analog zur Prävention anderer kutaner Karzinome eine Reduktion der UV-Strahlenexposition sowie adäquate Lichtschutzmaßnahmen empfohlen werden. Darüber hinaus sollte, wenn möglich, eine etwaige immunsuppressive Therapie angepasst, und eine antivirale Therapie bei HIV-Patienten eingeleitet werden, sofern dies noch nicht erfolgt ist.…”

“…Weitere Evidenzen sprechen gänzlich gegen einen Zusammenhang von HPV und der Genese von Talgdrüsenkarzinomen 17 . Neben HPV wurden auch das Merkelzell‐Polyomavirus oder das Epstein‐Barr‐Virus (EBV) als potenzielle ätiologische Faktoren erwogen 28,29 …”