Detection of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in faecal samples from patients in the community with diarrhoea

Jenkins, Claire; Tembo, Mathias; Chart, Henrik; Cheasty, T.; Willshaw, G. A.; Phillips, Alan D.; Tompkins, David; Smith, H. R.

doi:10.1099/jmm.0.46683-0

Cited by 44 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…However, nondiarrheal EAEC strains carrying the aggR gene have also been isolated from healthy patients, and detection of this gene in a bacterial isolate from a diseased patient cannot be considered conclusive that it is the causative agent of diarrhea (586,633,(663)(664)(665). Nonetheless, multiple PCR-based assays have been developed to identify the aggR gene, and detection of additional virulence genes, such as aap, astA, and set1A, significantly increases the detection of strains associated with causing diarrhea in U.S. and European patients (634,666,667).…”

Section: Clinical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically, the aggR gene was thought to be a promising candidate for molecular detection, as it encodes a positive regulator for many virulence factors involved in adherence and toxin production by typical EAEC strains and is carried by more than 70% of EAEC isolates from human patients (583,(663)(664)(665). However, nondiarrheal EAEC strains carrying the aggR gene have also been isolated from healthy patients, and detection of this gene in a bacterial isolate from a diseased patient cannot be considered conclusive that it is the causative agent of diarrhea (586,633,(663)(664)(665).…”

Section: Clinical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Understanding Enteric Pathogenic Escherichia coli

et al. 2013

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SUMMARY Although Escherichia coli can be an innocuous resident of the gastrointestinal tract, it also has the pathogenic capacity to cause significant diarrheal and extraintestinal diseases. Pathogenic variants of E. coli (pathovars or pathotypes) cause much morbidity and mortality worldwide. Consequently, pathogenic E. coli is widely studied in humans, animals, food, and the environment. While there are many common features that these pathotypes employ to colonize the intestinal mucosa and cause disease, the course, onset, and complications vary significantly. Outbreaks are common in developed and developing countries, and they sometimes have fatal consequences. Many of these pathotypes are a major public health concern as they have low infectious doses and are transmitted through ubiquitous mediums, including food and water. The seriousness of pathogenic E. coli is exemplified by dedicated national and international surveillance programs that monitor and track outbreaks; unfortunately, this surveillance is often lacking in developing countries. While not all pathotypes carry the same public health profile, they all carry an enormous potential to cause disease and continue to present challenges to human health. This comprehensive review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the intestinal pathotypes of E. coli .

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Section: Clinical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Understanding Enteric Pathogenic Escherichia coli

et al. 2013

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“…Studies have shown a wide selection of EAEC serotypes and many are untypeable [30][31][32]; therefore, serotyping is not a useful tool in distinguishing this problematic group.…”

Section: Enteroaggregative E Coli (Eaec)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteroaggregative E. coli O104 from an outbreak of HUS in Germany 2011, could it happen again?

Chattaway

Dallman

Okeke

et al. 2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) particularly O157:H7 (Sequence type 11 complex), is the best documented and most well-known of E. coli that cause diarrhoea. The importance of EHEC lies in the severity of disease. Outbreaks can infect thousands of people causing bloody diarrhoea and haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) that in turn can result in protracted illness or even death. The ability of EHEC to colonise the human gut is normally associated with the presence of genes from another group of diarrhoeagenic E. coli, the enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), via the locus of enterocyte effacement. However, the massive outbreak in Germany was caused by an EHEC which had acquired virulence genes from yet another group of diarrhoeagenic E. coli, the enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). In reality EAEC is probably the most common bacterial cause of diarrhoea but is not identified in most diagnostic laboratories. This outbreak emphasises the importance of being able to detect all diarrhoeagenic E. coli and not to focus on E. coli O157:H7 alone. Routine surveillance systems for EAEC, a once ignored global pathogen, would go a long way to reaching this goal. This review describes methods for identifying non-O157 EHEC and describes the key genetic features of EHEC and EAEC. Our aim is to provide information for laboratories and policy makers which enables them to make informed decisions about the best methods available for detecting newly emergent strains of diarrhoeagenic E. coli.

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“…The primer sets used are shown in Table 1. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] For detection of PCR products, 10 μL of the amplification mixture and molecular weight markers were subjected to electrophoresis in 2% agarose gels. Amplified DNA fragments of specific sizes were located by ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence after staining with ethidium bromide.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Outbreak of Diarrhea in Mandera, Kenya, Due to Escherichia coli Serogroup O-Nontypable Strain That Had a Coding Gene for Enteroaggregative E. coli Heat-Stable Enterotoxin 1

Ochi

Shah²,

Odoyo³

et al. 2016

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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Abstract. In an outbreak of gastroenteritis in December 2009, in Mandera, Kenya, Escherichia coli O-nontypable (ONT) strain was isolated from stool specimens of patients (18/24, 75%). The E. coli ONT organisms could not be assigned to any of the recognized diarrheagenic groups of E. coli. However, they possessed the enteroaggregative E. coli heat-stable enterotoxin-1 gene. The cell-free culture filtrates of the E. coli ONT strain isolated from the outbreak cases induced considerable amount of fluid accumulation in suckling mouse intestine, indicating production of an enterotoxic factor(s). These results identify E. coli that did not have any diarrheagenic characteristics except astA as the etiological agent of the diarrheal outbreak in Mandera. It is however considered necessary to characterize the fluid accumulation factor(s) to determine whether any novel toxins were responsible for the fluid accumulation. Moreover, it is important to study dissemination of strains producing the enterotoxic factor(s) to assess their public health significance distribution in the environment.

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Detection of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in faecal samples from patients in the community with diarrhoea

Cited by 44 publications

References 30 publications

Recent Advances in Understanding Enteric Pathogenic Escherichia coli

Recent Advances in Understanding Enteric Pathogenic Escherichia coli

Enteroaggregative E. coli O104 from an outbreak of HUS in Germany 2011, could it happen again?

An Outbreak of Diarrhea in Mandera, Kenya, Due to Escherichia coli Serogroup O-Nontypable Strain That Had a Coding Gene for Enteroaggregative E. coli Heat-Stable Enterotoxin 1

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