Detection of Double Compression in MPEG-4 Videos Based on Markov Statistics

Jiang, Xinghao; Wang, Wan; Sun, Tanfeng; Shi, Yun Q.; Wang, Shilin

doi:10.1109/lsp.2013.2251632

Cited by 92 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Ref [8] detected doubly-compressed MPEG video sequence by the presence of specific static and temporal statistics. In Ref [9], 162-D Markov statistical characteristic based DCT coefficient were adopted to distinguish double MPEG-4 compression artefacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Double HEVC Compression Detection with Different Bitrates Based on Co-occurrence Matrix of PU Types and DCT Coefficients

Jia

Zhang

et al. 2017

ITM Web Conf.

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Abstract. Detection of double video compression is of particular importance in video forensics, as it reveals partly the video processing history. In this paper, a double compression method is proposed for HEVC-the latest video coding standard. Firstly, four 5×5 co-occurrence matrixes were derived from DCT coefficients along four directions respectively, i.e., horizontal, vertical, main diagonal and minor diagonal. Then four 4×4 co-occurrence matrixes were derived from PU types which are innovative features of HEVC and rarely been utilized by researchers. Finally, these two feature set are combined and sent to support vector machine (SVM) to detect re-compressed videos. In order to reduce the feature dimension, only the co-occurrence matrixes of DCT coefficients and PU types in horizontal direction are adopted to identify whether the video has undergone double compression. Experimental results show the effectiveness and the robustness against frame deletion of the proposed scheme.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, Ref [1,[4][5][6][7][8][9] studied the double compression for MPEG videos and ref [2][3] aims at H.264 videos. As the latest generation of coding standards, HEVC provides lower video data rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double HEVC Compression Detection with Different Bitrates Based on Co-occurrence Matrix of PU Types and DCT Coefficients

Jia

Zhang

et al. 2017

ITM Web Conf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Combining the first digit distribution of quantized AC coefficients and the DCT coefficients, Sun et al [16] proposed an approach with serial support vector machine (SVM) architecture to estimate the original bit rate scale in a double-compressed video. Jiang et al [17] proposed an approach to detect double MPEG-4 compression artifacts based on Markov statistics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Double-Compressed H.264/AVC Video Incorporating the Features of the String of Data Bits and Skip Macroblocks

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Today's H.264/AVC coded videos have a high quality, high data-compression ratio. They also have a strong fault tolerance, better network adaptability, and have been widely applied on the Internet. With the popularity of powerful and easy-to-use video editing software, digital videos can be tampered with in various ways. Therefore, the double compression in the H.264/AVC video can be used as a first step in the study of video-tampering forensics. This paper proposes a simple, but effective, double-compression detection method that analyzes the periodic features of the string of data bits (SODBs) and the skip macroblocks (S-MBs) for all I-frames and P-frames in a double-compressed H.264/AVC video. For a given suspicious video, the SODBs and S-MBs are extracted for each frame. Both features are then incorporated to generate one enhanced feature to represent the periodic artifact of the double-compressed video. Finally, a time-domain analysis is conducted to detect the periodicity of the features. The primary Group of Pictures (GOP) size is estimated based on an exhaustive strategy. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method.

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“…By judging whether the probability distribution of the first digits of the non-zero MPEG quantized AC coefficients will be disturbed, Chen in [3] distinguish the occurrence of the double compression. Jiang in [4] use Markov statistics to classify double compression. Huang detect double MPEG compression according to the change of the numbers of DCT coefficients for the primary and secondary compression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double HEVC Compression Detection with the Same QPs Based on the PU Numbers

Jia

Zhang

et al. 2016

ITM Web Conf.

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Abstract. Double HEVC compression detection is of great importance in video forensics. However, effective detection algorithm based on the same Qps is rarely reported. In this paper, a novel method based on the same Qps is applied in dealing with double HEVC compression detection. Firstly, the numbers of PU blocks with the size of 4×4 in each I frame is extracted during the codec procedures when the video is compressed with the same Qps. Then, calculate the standard deviation of 4×4 PU blocks difference (SDoPU) before and after the compression. Finally, select the appropriate threshold for compression testing classification according to the SDoPU statistical feature. By performing numerical experiments, We prove that the proposed algorithm is of high classification accuracy for detecting double HEVC compression.

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Detection of Double Compression in MPEG-4 Videos Based on Markov Statistics

Cited by 92 publications

References 11 publications

Double HEVC Compression Detection with Different Bitrates Based on Co-occurrence Matrix of PU Types and DCT Coefficients

Double HEVC Compression Detection with Different Bitrates Based on Co-occurrence Matrix of PU Types and DCT Coefficients

Detection of Double-Compressed H.264/AVC Video Incorporating the Features of the String of Data Bits and Skip Macroblocks

Double HEVC Compression Detection with the Same QPs Based on the PU Numbers

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