Detection of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the organs of a suspected case of cannabis poisoning

Development and validation of a LC/MS method for the determination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the larvae of the blowfly Lucilia sericata: Forensic applications

“…In addition, this article provides for first time essential information regarding the effect of larvae on experimental parameters such as the recovery, the ion suppression and a number of extraction techniques. The results obtained from larvae samples are similar to the two cases reported by Tracqui et al [30] On the other hand the reported liver concentrations of our study were lower than the reported THC concentration of 38 μg/g of a man believed to have died of acute oral overdosage with THC [43]. Considering that metabolism of THC is considered to be hepatic blood flow limited; [44] the present results obtained from liver, show low concentrations of THC and higher concentrations of the THCA that are similar to the study of Gronewold and Skopp.…”

“…In such a case, we should consider that absence of drugs in the maggots does not mean absence of drugs in the cadaver, and thus positive larvae samples should be considered as advantage. Although there are researchers who are skeptical about the usefulness of entomotoxicology in forensic medicine [30], we believe that all reasonable steps should be taken to perform a comprehensive toxicological analysis, if such is required to clear doubts related to a case. We always have to keep in mind factors affecting toxicological analyses and the limitations of their interpretation.…”

“…THC and THCA working solutions were prepared by dilution of 10 μg/mL mixed standard solution with water in order to achieve fortified larvae samples in the seven point's calibration curve (10,20,40,100,200, 300 and 500 pg/mg). The range was selected according to the limited published cases including quantitative data for THCA in fly larvae [30]. Fifty μL of the deuterated internal standards mixture was then added in each sample corresponding to 250 pg/mg.…”

“…Several techniques have been used for the toxicological analysis of fly larvae including immunoassay [20][21][22][23], gas chromatography (GC) [24][25][26][27], and liquid chromatography (LC) [28][29][30][31].…”

Ανάλυση Ψυχοτρόπων Ουσιών Και Φαρμάκων Σε Μη Συμβατικά Βιολογικά Υλικά Και Μελέτη Της Σταθερότητας Αυτών Σε Μονιμοποιημένους Ιστούς

“…Τέλος, σχετικά με τα κανναβινοειδή λόγω της υψηλής διαλυτότητας στο λιπώδη ιστό και των χαμηλών σχετικά δόσεων, το ήπαρ δεν είναι ιδιαίτερα κατάλληλο για τη μέτρηση της δέλτα-9-τετραϋδροκανναβινόλης και του μεταβολίτη της, του τετραϋδροκανναβινολικού οξέος. Ωστόσο, υπάρχει μόνο μια περίπτωση θανατηφόρας υπερδοσολογίας που καταγράφηκε στη βιβλιογραφία συγκέντρωση THC στο ήπαρ 38 mg/kg, χωρίς ανίχνευση σε δείγμα αίματος [85].…”