Development and validation of a LC/MS method for the determination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the larvae of the blowfly Lucilia sericata: Forensic applications

Karampela, Sevasti; Pistos, Constantinos; Moraitis, Konstantinos; Stoukas, Vasilios; Papoutsis, Ioannis; Zorba, Eleni; Koupparis, Michael A.; Spiliopoulou, Chara; Athanaselis, Sotiris

doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2015.06.003

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Decarboxylation can occur over time under heating or alkaline conditions. 9 The cannabinoid Δ 9 -THC has the Δ 9 -THCA A as its main precursor molecule, and its decarboxylation occurs from 125 to 150 o C. 1,4,43,44 Considering the direct injection conditions of GC × GC-QMS (temperature = 280 o C), and the absence of derivatization methods of terpenophenolic acids, [45][46][47] in this work, the GC × GC-QMS method was not suitable for the identification of acid species present in Figure 1c.…”

Section: Gc × Gc-qmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Isomeric Cannabinoid Standards and Cannabis Products by UPLC‑ESI‑TWIM-MS: a Comparison with GC‑MS and GC × GC-QMS

Santos¹,

Tose²,

Silva³

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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The Cannabis sativa L. plant has a complex chemical composition, containing various chemical compounds such as terpenes, sugars, hydrocarbons, steroids, flavonoids, and amino acids. Few works have attempted to identify the constitutional isomers of cannabinoids that are found in the plant. The present study reported the analysis of seven cannabinoid standards: five neutral and two acidic, as well as Cannabis products (hashish and marijuana) and parts of the Cannabis plant (flower and leaf) using mono-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with quadrupole MS (GC × GC-QMS), ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight (UPLC-ESI-QTOF)-MS and UPLC-ESI-travelling wave ion mobility (TWIM)-MS. The results of GC-MS demonstrated close retention times (∆t R = 1.303 min) in separation of the five cannabinoid standards, whereas GC × GC-QMS provided a substantially better identification and distinction of constitutional isomers of cannabinoids, where a total of 11 cannabinoids were identified in the hashish sample. UPLC-QTOF-MS and UPLC-TWIM-MS data obtained complete chemical information, in which ESI(+) revealed the presence of seven constitutional isomers of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆ 9-THC), whereas ESI(-) proved the presence of four isomers of Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid A (Δ 9-THCA A).

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Section: Gc × Gc-qmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Isomeric Cannabinoid Standards and Cannabis Products by UPLC‑ESI‑TWIM-MS: a Comparison with GC‑MS and GC × GC-QMS

Santos¹,

Tose²,

Silva³

et al. 2018

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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“…The extraction of xenobiotic material from insect samples provides several advantages compared to human tissue 12,35 . "Sampling is easier and faster, and the emulsion does not interfere with the results of the analysis, which sometimes occurs with human tissue" 23 .…”

Section: Sample Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Review of Entomology Toxicology: The Use of Insects for Toxin Detection in The Case of Human Death

Istiqomah

Ghiffari

Mansuri

et al. 2020

Int. J. Hum. Health Sci.

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Determining the cause of death is an important factor in the forensic investigation process.”Some aspects of death will be difficult to find if the condition of the body has suffered severe damage when found. “Corpses due to drug abuse found in hidden places are often difficult to know with certainty the cause of death. Insects that eat the corpse tissue, then xenobiotics such as drugs and other toxic substances will be transferred to the larval body’s metabolic system so that it is easily detected with sophisticated equipment.”Techniques such as “immunoassays, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) have been used routinely to detect xenobiotics from the body, larvae, and insects.”The study of “insects as alternative toxicological samples is known as forensic entomotoxicologyInternational Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 02 April’21 Page: 185-190

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“…However, they did not add the adjective forensic and therefore suggested that entomotoxicology concerns only medico-legal approach. Many other authors repeated the same approach after them [ [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] ], while other authors specified their field as forensic entomotoxicology [ [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] ]. The most suitable terminology was used by da Silva et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the concept of entomotoxicology

Hodecek

2020

Forensic Science International: Synergy

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Until now, the term entomotoxicology has only been used in medico-legal sciences. However, entomotoxicology as a whole has a much wider scope and forensic entomotoxicology is just one of its branches. Based on the literature a wider definition of the term is presented. Today, we can distinguish two major branches of entomotoxicology : 1) Forensic entomotoxicology , which uses the insects as evidence of the presence of xenobiotics in decomposing tissue during an investigation and 2) Environmental entomotoxicology , which uses the insects as bioindicators of environmental pollution in non-criminal circumstances. While forensic entomotoxicology is a relatively new discipline, research in environmental entomotoxicology began as far back as the 1920s. A review of the work in entomotoxicology from the last 6 years is presented, covering several interesting new trends. This article aims to redefine entomotoxicology, which should increase awareness to bring more collaborations and multidisciplinary between related scientific fields.

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Development and validation of a LC/MS method for the determination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and 11-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the larvae of the blowfly Lucilia sericata: Forensic applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Analysis of Isomeric Cannabinoid Standards and Cannabis Products by UPLC‑ESI‑TWIM-MS: a Comparison with GC‑MS and GC × GC-QMS

Analysis of Isomeric Cannabinoid Standards and Cannabis Products by UPLC‑ESI‑TWIM-MS: a Comparison with GC‑MS and GC × GC-QMS

Forensic Review of Entomology Toxicology: The Use of Insects for Toxin Detection in The Case of Human Death

Revisiting the concept of entomotoxicology

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