Detection of decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Salmonella spp. by five different methods including real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Detection of quinolone-resistance mutations in Salmonella spp. strains of epidemic and poultry origin

“…Fluoroquinolones are usually the antimicrobials of choice for treatment of severe or systemic human salmonellosis (12). An increase in isolation of Salmonella strains with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones such as ciprofloxacin is a public health problem, since it may cause failure of clinical treatment, limiting the therapeutic options for treatment (1). Resistance to fluoroquinolones is relatively uncommon in Salmonella spp., when compared to other genera of the Enterobacteriaceae family.…”

Expression of acrB and ramA in fluoroquinolone resistant mutants from multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Haardt

“…For the past decade, ciprofloxacin‐treatment failure in clinical cases has been observed in the strains with resistance to nalidixic acid and susceptible to ciprofloxacin (0·125–0·5 μ g ml −1 ). However, CLSI breakpoints designate ‘ciprofloxacin susceptible’ at MIC ≤1 μ g ml −1 (Aznar et al. 2007).…”

“…Significance and Impact of the Study: This study demonstrates how continuous usage of antimicrobials affects the increase of drug-resistance in Salmonella enterica induced by QRDR mutation and efflux pump related genes. (Aznar et al 2007). In addition, high mortality was observed in the patients infected with Salmonella strains with MICs between 0AE06 and 0AE38 lg ml )1 (Aarestrup et al 2003).…”