Detection of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Bivalve Molluscs Destined for Human Consumption

Freire-Santos, F; Oteiza-López, A.M; Vergara-Castiblanco, Claudia; Ares-Mazás, Elvira; Álvarez-Suárez, E.; García-Martín, Óscar

doi:10.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0853:docoib]2.0.co;2

Cited by 90 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, viable C. parvum oocysts persisted in C. ariakensis (i.e., up to 33 days) almost five times longer than in C. virginica (7 days) even when a sixfold-smaller C. parvum inoculum was used for water contamination (7). In a study that utilized the European oyster (Ostrea edulis), viable C. parvum oocysts were identified on day 31 postexposure (12). The present study has demonstrated for the first time that oysters can bioaccumulate spores of humaninfectious microsporidia and supports previous findings that oysters depurate Cryptosporidium very inefficiently (13).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Recovery, Bioaccumulation, and Inactivation of Human Waterborne Pathogens by the Chesapeake Bay Nonnative Oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis

Graczyk

Girouard

Tamang

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The introduction of nonnative oysters (i.e., Crassostrea ariakensis) into the Chesapeake Bay has been proposed as necessary for the restoration of the oyster industry; however, nothing is known about the public health risks related to contamination of these oysters with human pathogens. Commercial market-size C. ariakensis triploids were maintained in large marine tanks with water of low (8-ppt), medium (12-ppt), and high (20-ppt) salinities spiked with 1.0 ؋ 10 5 transmissive stages of the following human pathogens: Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, Giardia lamblia cysts, and microsporidian spores (i.e., Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Encephalitozoon hellem, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi). Viable oocysts and spores were still detected in oysters on day 33 post-water inoculation (pwi), and cysts were detected on day 14 pwi. The recovery, bioaccumulation, depuration, and inactivation rates of human waterborne pathogens by C. ariakensis triploids were driven by salinity and were optimal in medium-and high-salinity water. The concentration of human pathogens from ambient water by C. ariakensis and the retention of these pathogens without (or with minimal) inactivation and a very low depuration rate provide evidence that these oysters may present a public health threat upon entering the human food chain, if harvested from polluted water. This conclusion is reinforced by the concentration of waterborne pathogens used in the present study, which was representative of levels of infectious agents in surface waters, including the Chesapeake Bay. Aquacultures of nonnative oysters in the Chesapeake Bay will provide excellent ecological services in regard to efficient cleaning of human-infectious agents from the estuarine waters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Recovery, Bioaccumulation, and Inactivation of Human Waterborne Pathogens by the Chesapeake Bay Nonnative Oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis

Graczyk

Girouard

Tamang

et al. 2006

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…in Bent mussels (Ischadium recurvum) from the Chesapeake Bay. In a survey of shellfish from Spain and Italy, Freire-Santos et al (2000) provided evidence of infection of clams (Dosinia exoleta, Ruditapes philippinarum, Venerupis pullastra, V. rhomboideus, Venus verrucosa), mussels (M. galloprovincialis), and oysters (Ostrea edulis) with Cryptosporidium sp. using immunofluorescent microscopy for oocysts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of Toxoplasma Gondii Oocysts in Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica)

Lindsay

Collins

Mitchell

et al. 2004

Journal of Parasitology

108

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“…En invertebrados se ha detectado en moluscos bivalvos marinos (ostras, mejillones, berberechos) [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] , lo que sirve como indicador de contaminación fecal de las aguas. En Chile, el estudio de 642 moluscos bivalvos (choritos, ostras, almejas, machas) y muestras de agua salada obtenidas de playas de la Región de Valparaíso, usando microscopia y pruebas moleculares no ha detectado la presencia de ooquistes de Cryptosporidium como contaminante de agua ni mariscos (Neira P, datos no publicados).…”

Section: Correspondencia Aunclassified

Cryptosporidium parvum en gastrópodos silvestres como bioindicadores de contaminación fecal en ecosistemas terrestres

Stanley

et al. 2010

Rev. chil. infectol.

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IntroducciónL a criptosporidiosis es una infección por protozoos coccidios que afecta a los seres humanos, los animales domésticos y otros vertebrados. En los animales, especialmente en los terneros, previo a su destete, provoca una grave enteritis que ocasiona importante morbilidad, mortalidad y pérdidas económi-cas. En los seres humanos, surgió como una importante infección gastrointestinal en la segunda mitad de la década de los años '80, junto con la aparición del SIDA. El protozoo da lugar a una infección aguda autolimitada del aparato digestivo en humanos inmunocompetentes, y una enfermedad crónica, de riesgo vital en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. En nuestra especie, varias son las vías de transmisión posibles, incluida la de persona a persona (antroponótica y la infección zoonótica), a través de la contaminación fecal del agua y los alimentos. Frecuentemente, se desconoce la fuente específi ca de ooquistes de Cryptosporidium implicados en la infección o en la contaminación de alimentos y agua, por carencia de investigación epidemiológica en nuestro país.En los últimos años, el desarrollo de herramientas moleculares ha permitido detectar y diferenciar los coccidios Cryptosporidium en los niveles de especie, genotipo y subgenotipos. A la fecha, en Chile sólo se ha identifi cado C. parvum y C. hominis en humanos y C. parvum en humanos y otros vertebrados 1 . En personas inmunocomprometidas e inmunocompetentes de Perú, Cryptosporidium parvum en gastrópodos silvestres como bioindicadores de contaminación fecal en ecosistemas terrestres Patricia Neira O., Nelson Muñoz S., Bárbara Stanley V., Marianne Gosh C. y M. José Rosales L. Cryptosporidium parvum in wild gastropods as bioindicators of fecal contamination in terrestrial ecosystemsCryptosporidium sp oocysts were detected in snails (Helix aspersa Müller) and slug (Deroceras reticulatum Müller) from the Valparaíso Region, Chile. Snails and slug were collected from public squares and private domestic gardens. Cryptosporidium sp oocysts were recovered from faeces of both species. Ziehl Neelsen stain, nested PCR, and sequencing analysis demonstrated a profi le similar to that described for genotype C or 2 of the parasite. These results demonstrate that snails and slug could act as a reservoir and mechanic vector of C. parvum infection for humans and animals. Moreover, gastropods could serve as bioindicators of fecal soil contamination.

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Detection of Cryptosporidium Oocysts in Bivalve Molluscs Destined for Human Consumption

Cited by 90 publications

References 9 publications

Recovery, Bioaccumulation, and Inactivation of Human Waterborne Pathogens by the Chesapeake Bay Nonnative Oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis

Recovery, Bioaccumulation, and Inactivation of Human Waterborne Pathogens by the Chesapeake Bay Nonnative Oyster, Crassostrea ariakensis

Survival of Toxoplasma Gondii Oocysts in Eastern Oysters (Crassostrea Virginica)

Cryptosporidium parvum en gastrópodos silvestres como bioindicadores de contaminación fecal en ecosistemas terrestres

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