Detection of children's malingering on Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices

McKinzey, R. K.; Prieler, Jörg; Raven, John

doi:10.1348/014466503762842048

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Information on maternal age (year in continuous), maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) (kg/m 2 in continuous), maternal education level (low: < 3 years of high school; intermediate: 3+ years of secondary education; and, high: university degree or higher vocational training), maternal ethnicity (Dutch national origin, other-Western, and non-Western), household income (<1200 euro/month, 1200–2000 euro/month, >2000 euro/month), marital status (married/partner, single), parity (0, 1, or 2+), maternal smoking (no smoking, smoked until pregnancy recognized, and continued smoking during pregnancy), maternal alcohol use (no alcohol consumption, alcohol consumption until pregnancy recognized, continued occasionally (<1 glass/week for at least two trimesters), and continued frequently (≥1 glass/week for at least two trimesters)), and maternal psychological dysfunction (score in continuous), using the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), was collected during pregnancy. Maternal IQ was determined using the computerized Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrices Test, set I , when mother-child pairs visited the 6-year examination (score in continuous). Data on child sex (female, male) was collected at birth and child age at assessment (years in continuous) was reported during the 6-year examination.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Exposure to Nonpersistent Chemical Mixtures and Offspring IQ and Emotional and Behavioral Problems

Dries

Ferguson

Keil

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Prenatal exposure to nonpersistent chemicals such as phthalates, bisphenols, and organophosphate (OP) pesticides is ubiquitous and occurs in mixtures. So far, epidemiological studies investigating neurodevelopmental consequences of these exposures have mainly been restricted to single-pollutant models. Thus, we studied the association between prenatal exposure to nonpersistent chemical mixtures and child IQ and emotional and behavioral problems. Data came from 782 mother–child pairs. Eleven phthalate, one bisphenol, and five OP pesticide urinary exposure biomarkers were measured three times during pregnancy and averaged. Nonverbal IQ, internalizing and attention problems, aggressive behavior, and autistic traits were assessed at child age 6 years. We used quantile g-computation to estimate the change in each outcome per quartile increase in all chemicals within the mixture. Higher exposure to the mixture was associated with lower nonverbal IQ (−4.0 points (95%CI = −7.0, −1.0), −5.5 points (95%CI = −10.2, −0.9), and −4.6 points (95%CI = −10.8, 1.5) for the second, third, and fourth quartile, respectively, compared to the first quartile). These results were mainly driven by the phthalate mixture. No association was observed with emotional and behavioral problems. Prenatal exposure to nonpersistent chemical mixtures was associated with lower nonverbal IQ in children. Exposure to chemical mixtures during gestation is universal and may impact neurodevelopment.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal Exposure to Nonpersistent Chemical Mixtures and Offspring IQ and Emotional and Behavioral Problems

Dries

Ferguson

Keil

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…In addition, data was collected on maternal age (years), parity (0, 1, or

), smoking (no smoking during pregnancy, smoking until pregnancy recognized, and continued smoking during pregnancy), alcohol intake during pregnancy [no alcohol consumption during pregnancy, alcohol consumption until pregnancy recognized, continued occasionally (

), and continued frequently (

)], marital status (married/partner or single), household total net income [

(i.e., below the Dutch social security level), 1,200–2,000 euros/month,

], highest completed education level [low (

at general secondary school) intermediate (

of secondary education), and high (university degree or higher vocational training)], ethnicity (Dutch national origin, other-Western, and non-Western), and folic acid intake (none, started in first 10 wks of pregnancy, and started preconception). Maternal IQ was examined when mother–child pairs attended the 6-y examination and was assessed using a computerized Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrices Test, Set I ( McKinzey et al. 2003 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phthalate and Bisphenol Exposure during Pregnancy and Offspring Nonverbal IQ

Dries

Guxens

Spaan³

et al. 2020

Environ Health Perspect

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Background: Prenatal exposures to phthalates and bisphenols are associated with impaired brain development in animals. However, epidemiological studies investigating the association between prenatal phthalate or bisphenol exposure and cognition have produced mixed findings and mostly had modest sample sizes and measured the exposure during the third trimester. Objective: We examined the association between pregnancy maternal urinary biomarkers of phthalate or bisphenol exposure and nonverbal intelligence quotient (IQ) in children 6 years of age. Method: The study sample consisted of 1,282 mother–child pairs participating in the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort in Rotterdam, Netherlands (enrollment 2002–2006). We measured maternal urinary concentrations of 18 phthalate metabolites and 8 bisphenols at , 18–25, and of gestation. Child nonverbal IQ was measured at 6 years of age using the Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test–Revised. Linear regression models were fit for each of the three collection phases separately, the three collection phases jointly, and for the averaged prenatal exposure across pregnancy. Results: Higher urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites during early pregnancy were associated with lower child nonverbal IQ score [e.g., B per 10-fold increase in summed low-molecular (95% CI: , )]. This association remained unchanged when adjusted for mid and late pregnancy exposures. We also observed an inverse association between late pregnancy di- n -octyl phthalate (DNOP) exposure and nonverbal IQ. Maternal urinary concentrations of bisphenols were not associated with child nonverbal IQ. There was no effect estimate modification by sex. Conclusions: We did not observe that maternal biomarkers of bisphenol exposure are associated with nonverbal IQ. We found that phthalate exposure in early pregnancy and DNOP exposure in late pregnancy are associated with lower nonverbal IQ scores in children. Our results might suggest that particularly early pregnancy is a sensitive window of phthalate exposure, but future studies are needed to replicate our findings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6047

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“…For example, MacAllister et al (2009) advised caution in the interpretation of the TOMM in young epilepsy patients with a very low IQ (especially if behavioral problems are also evident) and with ongoing interictal epileptiform activity that may disrupt attention. As with any research, appropriate cautions should also be used for studies that involve low sample sizes or are in need of further validation studies, as is the case with a simulator study performed by McKinzey, Prieler, and Raven (2003) with Standard Progressive Matrices (Raven, 1958) in 44 children aged 7-17 years of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of effort in children: A systematic review

DeRight

Carone

2013

Child Neuropsychology

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The assessment of response validity is now considered an important and necessary component of neuropsychological evaluations. One way for assessing response validity is with performance validity tests (PVTs), which measure the degree of effort applied to testing to achieve optimal performance. Numerous studies have shown that normal and neurologically impaired children are capable of passing certain free-standing PVTs using adult cutoffs. Despite this, PVT use appears to be more common in adults compared to children. The overall purpose of this systematic review is to provide the reader with a general overview of the existing literature on PVTs in children. As part of this review, goals are to inform the reader why PVT use is not as prevalent in children compared to adults, to discuss why PVTs and related methods are important in pediatric cognitive evaluations, and to discuss practical limitations and future directions.

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Detection of children's malingering on Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Prenatal Exposure to Nonpersistent Chemical Mixtures and Offspring IQ and Emotional and Behavioral Problems

Prenatal Exposure to Nonpersistent Chemical Mixtures and Offspring IQ and Emotional and Behavioral Problems

Phthalate and Bisphenol Exposure during Pregnancy and Offspring Nonverbal IQ

Assessment of effort in children: A systematic review

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