Detection of centripetal heat-island circulations from tower data in St. Louis

Shreffler, Jack

doi:10.1007/bf00121924

Cited by 61 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…2). Therefore, during the night, this ambient rural stability plays a key role in determining both the UHI intensity and the strength of circulation (Shreffler 1978(Shreffler , 1979Vukovich and Dunn 1978;Richardone and Brusasca 1989). Lu et al (1997a) studied the UHI circulation in such a stratified environment by nondimensionalizing the governing equations of motion in an axisymmetric cylindrical coordinate system.…”

Section: Physics Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling the Daytime Urban Heat Island and Urban-Breeze Circulation

Hidalgo

Masson

Gimeno

2010

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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The urban-breeze circulation is a mesoscale response of the atmospheric flow that is related to horizontal variations in temperature associated, for dry conditions, with gradients in sensible heat flux densities. This local circulation is difficult to observe with a simple observational deployment, and the 3D numerical simulations needed to model it are very demanding in computer time. A theoretical approach scaling the daytime urban heat island and urban-breeze characteristics has been developed and provides a simple set of equations that depend on measurable parameters. Three-dimensional high-resolution numerical simulations, performed with the Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale (Meso-NH) atmospheric model, were used to generate a set of urban-breeze circulations forced by an idealized urban environment. The pertinent forcing parameters chosen were the size of the city, the height of the thermal inversion topping the mixed turbulent air layer, and the difference (urban 2 rural) of surface heat flux. Scaling laws are presented that describe the shape of the urban heat island and the horizontal and vertical wind intensity and profiles.

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Section: Physics Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling the Daytime Urban Heat Island and Urban-Breeze Circulation

Hidalgo

Masson

Gimeno

2010

Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology

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“…Moreover, those studies mostly considered stable conditions. Stable conditions are not conducive to vertical motion over the city (Shreffler, 1978). Despite the substantial studies of UBCs, the structure and evolution of the UBC that develops in a convective boundary layer (CBL) in response to the difference in urban and rural SEBs are not well understood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daytime urban breeze circulation and its interaction with convective cells

Ryu

Baik

Han

2012

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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The structure and evolution of daytime urban breeze circulation (UBC) and its interaction with convective cells in two dimensions are examined through highresolution numerical model simulation. The UBC is the thermally forced, solenoidal circulation that results from the difference in surface energy balance between the urban and rural areas. As the temperature excess in the urban area increases, the UBC becomes larger and stronger with time and the two urban-breeze fronts (the leading edges of the UBC) that initially form at the urban-rural boundaries in the morning move toward the urban centre. Meanwhile, due to strong surface heating in the daytime, a number of convective cells form in both the rural and urban areas and the different characteristics between rural and urban convective cells are identified. The aspect ratio of the urban cells is smaller than that of the rural cells, which is partly attributed to the deeper urban boundary layer. The cell updrafts originating from the urban area are stronger, warmer and drier than those from the rural area. As the UBC develops, the convective cells that form in the rural area are advected toward the urban area by the UBC. Under the influence of the UBC, the cell updrafts originating from the rural area weaken and the water vapour mixing ratio in the updrafts decreases. As the cell updrafts originating from both the rural and urban areas merge with the urban-breeze front, the front intensity increases and the water vapour mixing ratio at the front is modulated.

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“…The high temperatures associated with an UHI causes a deformation of the wind system in and around a city (Okita, 1960;Chandler, 1965;Bornstein and Johnson, 1977;Shreffler, 1978Shreffler, , 1979Fujibe and Asai, 1980;Fujibe, 1988Fujibe, , 2003 . Weak winds from the outer regions of the city that converge in the interior are referred to as "country breezes" , and are a peculiar feature of urban wind systems (e.g., Oke, 1987;Thompson, 1998) .…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%