Detection of Calcifications in Retinoblastoma Using Gradient-Echo MR Imaging Sequences: Comparative Study between In Vivo MR Imaging and Ex Vivo High-Resolution CT

Rodjan, Firazia; Graaf, Pim de; Valk, Paul van der; Hadjistilianou, Theodora; Cerase, Alfonso; Toti, Paolo; Jong, Marcus C. de; Moll, Annette C.; Castelijns, Jonas A.; Galluzzi, Paolo

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a4163

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…(i) Detection of tumor calcifications, which is important in the differential diagnosis especially in cases where the fundus view is obscured. Calcifications can be observed with high sensitivity and specificity on T2 images without the help of CT, as proved by an ex vivo MRI study (Rodjan et al, 2015). (ii) Patient staging by enabling detection of extra-ocular invasion at Fig.…”

Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Conservative management of retinoblastoma: Challenging orthodoxy without compromising the state of metastatic grace. “Alive, with good vision and no comorbidity”

Munier

Beck‐Popovic

Chantada

et al. 2019

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

160

157

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Retinoblastoma is lethal by metastasis if left untreated, so the primary goal of therapy is to preserve life, with ocular survival, visual preservation and quality of life as secondary aims. Historically, enucleation was the first successful therapeutic approach to decrease mortality, followed over 100 years ago by the first eye salvage attempts with radiotherapy. This led to the empiric delineation of a window for conservative management subject to a "state of metastatic grace" never to be violated. Over the last two decades, conservative management of retinoblastoma witnessed an impressive acceleration of improvements, culminating in two major paradigm shifts in therapeutic strategy. Firstly, the introduction of systemic chemotherapy and focal treatments in the late 1990s enabled radiotherapy to be progressively abandoned. Around 10 years later, the advent of chemotherapy in situ, with the capitalization of new routes of targeted drug delivery, namely intra-arterial, intravitreal and now intracameral injections, allowed significant increase in eye preservation rate, definitive eradication of radiotherapy and reduction of systemic chemotherapy. Here we intend to review the relevant knowledge susceptible to improve the conservative management of retinoblastoma in compliance with the "state of metastatic grace", with particular attention to (i) reviewing how new imaging modalities impact the frontiers of conservative management, (ii) dissecting retinoblastoma genesis, growth patterns, and intraocular routes of tumor propagation, (iii) assessing major therapeutic changes and trends, (iv) proposing a classification of relapsing retinoblastoma, (v) examining treatable/preventable disease-related or treatment-induced complications, and (vi) appraising new therapeutic targets and concepts, as well as liquid biopsy potentiality.

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Section: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Conservative management of retinoblastoma: Challenging orthodoxy without compromising the state of metastatic grace. “Alive, with good vision and no comorbidity”

Munier

Beck‐Popovic

Chantada

et al. 2019

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research

160

157

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Intratumoral calcifications (a diagnostic hallmark for retinoblastoma) were present as focal spots of signal void on in vivo and ex vivo scans in all patients. 35,36 Calcifications were hypointense on FLASH images and correlated with histopathology ( Fig. 2).…”

Section: Tumor Morphologymentioning

confidence: 87%

9.4T and 17.6T MRI of Retinoblastoma: Ex Vivo evaluation of microstructural anatomy and disease extent compared with histopathology

Jong

Graaf

Pouwels

et al. 2017

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…Retinoblastoma is often highly calcified (Figure c) (Bullock, Campbell, & Waller, ). Calcification is visible to the naked eye and can also be detected by ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (Rodjan et al, ) (see below). Calcification in retinoblastoma is “dystrophic” (Eagle, )—that is, it occurs in response to tissue damage or necrosis.…”

Section: Retinoblastoma Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinoblastoma, the visible CNS tumor: A review

Dimaras

Corson

2018

J of Neuroscience Research

141

112

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The pediatric ocular cancer retinoblastoma is the only central nervous system (CNS) tumor readily observed without specialized equipment: it can be seen by, and in, the naked eye. This accessibility enables unique imaging modalities. Here, we review this cancer for a neuroscience audience, highlighting these clinical and research imaging options, including fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. We also discuss the subtype of retinoblastoma driven by the MYCN oncogene more commonly associated with neuroblastoma, and consider trilateral retinoblastoma, in which an intracranial tumor arises along with ocular tumors in patients with germline RB1 gene mutations. Retinoblastoma research and clinical care can offer insights applicable to CNS malignancies, and also benefit from approaches developed elsewhere in the CNS.

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Detection of Calcifications in Retinoblastoma Using Gradient-Echo MR Imaging Sequences: Comparative Study between In Vivo MR Imaging and Ex Vivo High-Resolution CT

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Conservative management of retinoblastoma: Challenging orthodoxy without compromising the state of metastatic grace. “Alive, with good vision and no comorbidity”

Conservative management of retinoblastoma: Challenging orthodoxy without compromising the state of metastatic grace. “Alive, with good vision and no comorbidity”

9.4T and 17.6T MRI of Retinoblastoma: Ex Vivo evaluation of microstructural anatomy and disease extent compared with histopathology

Retinoblastoma, the visible CNS tumor: A review

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