Detection of bioradicals by <i>in vivo</i> L‐band electron spin resonance spectrometry

Fujii, Hirotada; Berliner, Lawrence J.

doi:10.1002/nbm.898

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Paramagnetic substances contain unpaired electrons, allowing free radicals and ROS in the skin to be detected [29]. Spin marker and spin traps in combination with L-and S-band EPR are often used for the analysis of radical production, pH measurements or oximetry in vivo/ex vivo [22,[30][31][32][33][34][35]. The studies reviewed herein focused on the determination of the antioxidant potential in vivo.…”

Section: Technical Aspects Of the Performance Of In Vivo Epr-measuremmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this review, the in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy will be presented as a non-invasive method to determine the radical scavenging capacity of the skin and the protection of stress, here exemplarily in form of irradiation in the visible/near infrared (VIS/NIR) spectral range because several studies suggest that beneficial effects of antioxidant products clearly extend beyond UV protection [19]. First measurements have already been performed using in vivo EPR spectroscopy [20][21][22] but only on single volunteers or small cohorts [23][24][25]. In this context, three studies will be presented and discussed where antioxidants were applied orally or topically in statistically evaluated clinical studies involving 20 or more subjects for providing a statistical significance of the results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of the Antioxidant Status of the Skin by In Vivo-Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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Organisms produce free radicals which are essential for various metabolic processes (enzymatic oxidation, cellular respiration, signaling). Antioxidants are important chemical compounds that specifically prevent the oxidation of substances by scavenging radicals, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS). Made up of one or two unpaired electrons, ROS are free radicals that are highly reactive and can attack other metabolites. By using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, it is possible to measure paramagnetic substances such as free radicals. Therefore the dermal antioxidant activity can be determined by applying semi-stable radicals onto the skin and measuring the antioxidant-induced radical scavenging activity in the skin. In recent years, EPR has been OPEN ACCESS Cosmetics 2015, 2 287 developed as a spectroscopic method for determining the antioxidant status in vivo. Several studies have shown that an additional uptake of dietary supplements, such as carotenoids or vitamin C in physiological concentrations, provide a protective effect against free radicals. Using the EPR technique it could be demonstrated that the radical production in stress situations, such as irradiation with infrared and visible light, was reduced with time. However, not only the oral uptake of antioxidants, but also the topical application of antioxidants, e.g., a hyperforin-rich cream, is very useful against the development of oxidative stress. Regular application of a hyperforin-rich cream reduced radical formation. The skin lipids, which are very important for the barrier function of the skin, were also stabilized.

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Section: Technical Aspects Of the Performance Of In Vivo Epr-measuremmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Antioxidant Status of the Skin by In Vivo-Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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“…Combined with the respective spin trap, these techniques have the potential for the specific detection of vascular ROS and RNS formation in isolated tissues and whole animals [135,154]. Also combination of different techniques such as immuno-spin trapping as reported for trapping of thiyl radical in proteins or other radicals in DNA by DMPO and formation of stable spin-adducts with subsequent Western blotting against DMPO-bound proteins or DNA molecules are already used for the detection of ROS and RNS formation, or more precisely their footprints in biological samples [155].…”

Section: No the Reaction Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taking up the cudgels for the traditional reactive oxygen and nitrogen species detection assays and their use in the cardiovascular system

Daiber

Oelze

Sebastian

et al. 2017

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

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Keywords:Oxidative stress Redox signaling Fluorescence and chemiluminescence-based assays Dihydroethidium oxidative fluorescence microtopography Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence L-012-enhanced chemiluminescence A B S T R A C T Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS such as H 2 O 2 , nitric oxide) confer redox regulation of essential cellular functions (e.g. differentiation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis), initiate and catalyze adaptive stress responses. In contrast, excessive formation of RONS caused by impaired break-down by cellular antioxidant systems and/or insufficient repair of the resulting oxidative damage of biomolecules may lead to appreciable impairment of cellular function and in the worst case to cell death, organ dysfunction and severe disease phenotypes of the entire organism. Therefore, the knowledge of the severity of oxidative stress and tissue specific localization is of great biological and clinical importance. However, at this level of investigation quantitative information may be enough. For the development of specific drugs, the cellular and subcellular localization of the sources of RONS or even the nature of the reactive species may be of great importance, and accordingly, more qualitative information is required. These two different philosophies currently compete with each other and their different needs (also reflected by different detection assays) often lead to controversial discussions within the redox research community. With the present review we want to shed some light on these different philosophies and needs (based on our personal views), but also to defend some of the traditional assays for the detection of RONS that work very well in our hands and to provide some guidelines how to use and interpret the results of these assays. We will also provide an overview on the "new assays" with a brief discussion on their strengths but also weaknesses and limitations.

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“…The extension of spin trapping to enable direct measurements in vivo became feasible with the development of low frequency EPR (≤1,200 MHz) spectrometers with sufficient sensitivity (20,23,38). This ability to make the measurements immediately under physiological conditions has the potential to significantly increase our understanding of physiological and/or pathological roles of free radicals in biology and medicine.…”

Section: In Vivo Spin Trappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, techniques such as high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC), gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/ MS), liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS) have been developed for chemical identification of all the radicals formed (120). While these methods require an ex vivo sample collection and analysis, they can be very useful complementary techniques for in vivo EPR spin trapping.The extension of spin trapping to enable direct measurements in vivo became feasible with the development of low frequency EPR (≤1,200 MHz) spectrometers with sufficient sensitivity (20,23,38). This ability to make the measurements immediately under physiological conditions has the potential to significantly increase our understanding of physiological and/or …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Evaluate the Redox StateIn Vivo

Swartz

Khan

Khramtsov

2007

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

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The aim of this article is to provide an overview of how electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) can be used to measure redox-related parameters in vivo. The values of this approach include that the measurements are made under fully physiological conditions, and some of the measurements cannot be made by other means. Three complementary approaches are used with in vivo EPR: the rate of reduction or reactions of nitroxides, spin trapping of free radicals, and measurements of thiols. All three approaches already have produced unique and useful information. The measurement of the rate of decrease of nitroxides technically is the simplest, but difficult to interpret because the measured parameter, reduction in the intensity of the nitroxide signal, can occur by several different mechanisms. In vivo spin trapping can provide direct evidence for the occurrence of specific free radicals in vivo and reflect relative changes, but accurate absolute quantification remains challenging. The measurement of thiols in vivo also appears likely to be useful, but its development as an in vivo technique is at an early stage. It seems likely that the use of in vivo EPR to measure redox processes will become an increasingly utilized and valuable tool. OVERVIEWThe goal of this article is to indicate how the unique capabilities of EPR can be used very effectively to follow redox status/events in vivo. This will be done in the context of a general overview and two more detailed complementary mini-reviews of the current status of the use of in vivo EPR to measure free radicals and thiols. The article also seeks to delineate areas where developments are needed and the potential pathways to achieve them.The ability to measure redox status and redox processes in vivo is very attractive for several reasons. It has been clearly established that redox-active species are intrinsically involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes. The roles of these species include being essential intermediates in key physiological reactions and, in many cases, being directly involved in the causal chain leading to pathology. The redox state is an important parameter for many key events in cell signaling (13). Also, therapeutic approaches for many types of pathophysiology involve redox reactions (84).Whereas many useful insights can be achieved by measurements in model systems and cell cultures, the complexity of redox processes and physiology makes it difficult to understand fully the redox processes that occur in vivo without making direct measurements with the intact NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript system. The dynamics of the vascular system, metabolism in different organs, and the complex web of oxidants and antioxidants, cannot be modeled readily. There are few techniques that are capable of making such measurements in vivo, but fortunately EPR can follow many of the most important aspects of these complex processes.Some of the redox-active species are free radicals, and for these, EPR is t...

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Detection of bioradicals by in vivo L‐band electron spin resonance spectrometry

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Determination of the Antioxidant Status of the Skin by In Vivo-Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy

Determination of the Antioxidant Status of the Skin by In Vivo-Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy

Taking up the cudgels for the traditional reactive oxygen and nitrogen species detection assays and their use in the cardiovascular system

Use of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Evaluate the Redox StateIn Vivo

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