Detection of bacterial virulence genes associated with infective endocarditis in infected root canals

Bate, A. L.; Kc, Jyoti; Ford, T. R. Pitt

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2591.1999.00299.x

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…There is no guarantee that bacteria causing a systemic infection entered the teeth of infected individuals, even if individuals were infected with Y. pestis. Contemporary microbiological studies with dental pulp (primarily but not exclusively in the context of dental caries) are able to both directly culture and obtain DNA by PCR from various anaerobes and streptococci (Hoshino et al, 1992;Conrads et al, 1997;Bate et al, 2000), i.e. typical oral bacteria.…”

Section: Absence Of Authentic Y Pestis Dna In the Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of Yersinia pestis-specific DNA in human teeth from five European excavations of putative plague victims

et al. 2004

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This study reports the results of a collaborative study undertaken by two independent research groups to (a) confirm recent PCR-based detection of Yersinia pestis DNA in human teeth from medieval plague victims in France, and (b) to extend these observations over five different European burial sites believed to contain plague victims dating from the late 13th to 17th centuries. Several different sets of primers were used, including those previously documented to yield positive results on ancient DNA extracts. No Y. pestis DNA could be amplified from DNA extracted from 108 teeth belonging to 61 individuals, despite the amplification of numerous other bacterial DNA sequences. Several methods of extracting dentine prior to the DNA extraction were also compared. PCR for bacterial 16S rDNA indicated the presence of multiple bacterial species in 23 out of 27 teeth DNA extracts where dentine was extracted using previously described methods. In comparison, positive results were obtained from only five out of 44 teeth DNA extracts for which a novel contamination-minimizing embedding technique was used. Therefore, high levels of environmental bacterial DNA are present in DNA extracts where previously described methods of tooth manipulation are used. To conclude, the absence of Y. pestis-specific DNA in an exhaustive search using specimens from multiple putative European plague burial sites does not allow us to confirm the identification of Y. pestis as the aetiological agent of the Black Death and subsequent plagues. In addition, the utility of the published tooth-based ancient DNA technique used to diagnose fatal bacteraemias in historical epidemics still awaits independent corroboration.

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Section: Absence Of Authentic Y Pestis Dna In the Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of Yersinia pestis-specific DNA in human teeth from five European excavations of putative plague victims

et al. 2004

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“…Bacteria inside the canal are the major cause of periapical pathologies (Kakehashi et al, 1965) and, if not adequately treated, can give rise to dentoalveolar abscess, a condition that has ability to initiate morbidity, life-threatening illness (Walsh, 1997), and to predispose to transient bacteraemia during therapy (Savarrio et al, 2005). Previous reports suggested that endodontic bacteria might be involved in extra-oral complications, such as chronic maxillary sinusitis (Melen et al, 1986), orbital cellulitis (Ngeow, 1999), infective endocarditis (Bate et al, 2000), rheumatoid arthritis (Breebaart et al, 2002) and brain abscess (Henig et al, 1978). In this regard, substantial understanding of the endodontic microbiota is an important requirement for both oral and medical microbiologists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of bacteria in endodontic infections by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA clone libraries

Saito

Leonardo

Rodrigues

et al. 2006

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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A significant proportion of oral bacteria are unable to undergo cultivation by existing techniques. In this regard, the microbiota from root canals still requires complementary characterization. The present study aimed at the identification of bacteria by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA clone libraries from seven endodontically infected teeth. Samples were collected from the root canals, subjected to the PCR with universal 16S rDNA primers, cloned and partially sequenced. Clones were clustered into groups of closely related sequences (phylotypes) and identification to the species level was performed by comparative analysis with the GenBank, EMBL and DDBJ databases, according to a 98 % minimum identity. All samples were positive for bacteria and the number of phylotypes detected per subject varied from two to 14. The majority of taxa (65?2 %) belonged to the phylum Firmicutes of the Gram-positive bacteria, followed by Proteobacteria (10?9 %), Spirochaetes (4?3 %), Bacteroidetes (6?5 %), Actinobacteria (2?2 %) and Deferribacteres (2?2 %). A total of 46 distinct taxonomic units was identified. Four clones with low similarity to sequences previously deposited in the databases were sequenced to nearly full extent and were classified taxonomically as novel representatives of the order Clostridiales, including a putative novel species of Mogibacterium. The identification of novel phylotypes associated with endodontic infections suggests that the endodontium may still harbour a relevant proportion of uncharacterized taxa. INTRODUCTIONAlthough more than 150 species of bacteria have been identified in infected root canals, only a restricted number can be found simultaneously in the same tooth and a considerable variation of species is expected when analysing distinct clinical conditions, individuals or populations (Sundqvist, 1976;Molander et al., 1998;Baumgartner et al., 2004). Cultivation studies have shown a predominance of facultative and strict anaerobes in the endodontium, including representatives of Eubacterium, Fusobacterium, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Porphyromonas, Prevotella and (Sundqvist, 1992b;Le Goff et al., 1997). Bacteria inside the canal are the major cause of periapical pathologies (Kakehashi et al., 1965) and, if not adequately treated, can give rise to dentoalveolar abscess, a condition that has ability to initiate morbidity, life-threatening illness (Walsh, 1997), and to predispose to transient bacteraemia during therapy (Savarrio et al., 2005). Previous reports suggested that endodontic bacteria might be involved in extra-oral complications, such as chronic maxillary sinusitis (Melen et al., 1986), orbital cellulitis (Ngeow, 1999), infective endocarditis (Bate et al., 2000), rheumatoid arthritis (Breebaart et al., 2002) and brain abscess (Henig et al., 1978). In this regard, substantial understanding of the endodontic microbiota is an important requirement for both oral and medical microbiologists. StreptococcusWhile it is common knowledge that the development of efficient treatment strategies ...

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“…Thus, PCR is considered suitable for detection of periodontal pathogens 8,14,22,26,29,33,35,36,38,39,[47][48][49]58,59 and cariogenic ones 14,[16][17][18]32,34,42,44,45,57 , both from dental plaque 8,14,22,26,35,36,38,[47][48][49]58,59 and from saliva 29,42,[47][48][49]59 . PCR has also been used for detection of microorganisms involved with endodontic infections [2][3][4]27,54,56 , which could represent a benefit for their treatment. Studies have shown that the proportion of microorganisms in dental plaque, saliva and endodontic infection samples can be low, so that traditional culture methods can be inefficient for pathogen detection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PCR is a highly sensitive and specific technique by which minute quantities of specific DNA (or RNA after reverse transcription -RT-PCR) can be enzymatically amplified 8,[14][15][16][17][18]22,26,29,[32][33][34][35][36]38,39,42,44,45,[47][48][49][57][58][59] . These techniques can be used to detect very small amounts of bacterial, fungal, or viral nucleic acid in clinical specimens 2,3,5,6,22,28,29,37,53 . Many different types of clinical samples have been used for PCR analysis, including blood, sputum, semen, single hairs and saliva 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction: principles and applications in dentistry

et al. 2004

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Various molecular biology techniques have become available in the last few years. One of the most revolutionary of these techniques regarding nucleic acid analysis is the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which was first described in 1985. This method relies on the exponential amplification of specific DNA fragments, resulting in millions of copies that can serve as templates for different kinds of analyses. PCR can be preceded by a reverse transcription (RT) reaction in order to produce cDNA from RNA (RT-PCR). RT-PCR provides the possibility to assess gene transcription in cells or tissues. PCR and RT-PCR techniques have been instrumental in dental research, and show potential to be used for diagnosis as well as for treatment and prevention of many diseases (dental caries, periodontal disease, endodontic infections and oral cancer). Compared to other traditional methodologies, PCR and RT-PCR show many advantages including high specificity, sensitivity, and speed. Since PCR and RT-PCR are relatively new techniques and are not available to most students and professionals involved with dentistry, the aim of this work is to present the details of these techniques as well as dental literature reports in which they were used.

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Detection of bacterial virulence genes associated with infective endocarditis in infected root canals

Abstract: If bacteria in root canals possess FnBP or FgBP, they may have the potential to cause infective endocarditis.

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Absence of Yersinia pestis-specific DNA in human teeth from five European excavations of putative plague victims

Absence of Yersinia pestis-specific DNA in human teeth from five European excavations of putative plague victims

Identification of bacteria in endodontic infections by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA clone libraries

Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction: principles and applications in dentistry

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