Detection of Bacterial Pathogens in River Water Using Multiplex-PCR

Kinge, Constance Wose; Mbewe, Moses; Sithebe, Nomathamsanqa Patricia

doi:10.5772/37004

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 117 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…Their risk of infection analysis revealed that norovirus posed the highest risk of infection to local communities, followed by the bacterial pathogens Vibrio and Shigella. Shigella is an important human pathogen implicated in cases of bacillary dysentery (Szákal et al 2003) and is characterised by a very low infective dose ranging from 10 1 to 10 4 organisms (Wose Kinge et al 2012). In Mpumalanga Province, Oberholster and Botha (2014) reported a 2005 outbreak of diarrhoea in Delmas Town which is situated in the Upper Olifants in which 528 cases were reported, resulting in four deaths and 69 hospitalisations.…”

Section: Infectious Disease Agentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Similar findings were reported by Igbinosa et al (2011a, b) and Okoh et al (2015) with respect to multidrug-resistant pathogenic vibrios in urban wastewater effluents. These pathogenic microbes have been implicated in human diseases linked with the use of faecalcontaminated water and food (Wose Kinge et al 2012). The most commonly reported waterborne infections especially by people belonging to the low socio-economic grouping include gastroenteritis, amoebiasis, salmonellosis, dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis A and diarrhoea (Andersson and Bohan 2001).…”

Section: Infectious Disease Agentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the North West Province, Wose Kinge et al (2012) carried out a study to detect the presence of pathogenic E. coli, Klebsiella, Salmonella and Shigella species in water samples obtained from five river catchments (the Crocodile and Eland, Marico and Hex, Marcio and Molopo, Mooi and Vaal, and Harts catchments). Presence of E. coli, Klebsiella, Shigella and Salmonella spp.…”

Section: Infectious Disease Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban effluent discharges as causes of public and environmental health concerns in South Africa’s aquatic milieu

Sibanda

Selvarajan

Tekere

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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The water quality in South Africa's river systems is rapidly deteriorating as a consequence of increased discharge of wastewater effluents. The natural ability of rivers and reservoirs to trap toxic chemicals and nutrients in their sediments enables these systems to accumulate contaminants, altering the natural balance in environmental water quality, thereby raising a plethora of public and environmental health concerns. Impaired water quality has been linked to an array of problems in South Africa including massive fish mortalities, altered habitat template leading to the thinning of riverine macroinvertebrate diversity, shifts in microbial community structures with drastic ecological consequences and evolvement of antibiotic resistance genes that, under natural conditions, can be transferred to waterborne pathogens. Urban wastewater discharge has also been implicated in increased bioaccumulation of metals in edible plant parts, elevated concentrations of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), which are blamed for reduced fertility and increased cancer risk, excessive growth of toxic cyanobacteria and an increase in concentrations of pathogenic microorganisms which constitute a potential health threat to humans. However, despite the ecotoxicological hazards posed by wastewater effluents, ecotoxicological studies are currently underutilised in South African aquatic ecosystem assessments, and where they have been done, the observation is that ecotoxicological studies are mostly experimental and restricted to small study areas. More research is still needed to fully assess especially the ecotoxicological consequences of surface water pollution by urban wastewater effluents in South Africa. A review of the effects of urban effluent discharges that include domestic effluent mixed with industrial effluent and/or urban stormwater runoff is hereby presented.

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Section: Infectious Disease Agentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Infectious Disease Agentsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Infectious Disease Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban effluent discharges as causes of public and environmental health concerns in South Africa’s aquatic milieu

Sibanda

Selvarajan

Tekere

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Hong et al, (2011) developed two types of PCR assays that could detect and quantify Campylobacter sp., E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella sp., in watershed samples. Additionally, Wose et al, (2012) Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains used as indicators of fecal pollution were analyzed using Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (Furukawa and Suzuki 2013). Maheux et al, (2014) selected the wecG gene, encoding the enterobacterial common antigen, to create a PCR assay specifically for Enterobacteriaceae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid detection of indicator bacteria in drinking water using multiplex PCR technique

El-Salamony,

Abou-Dobara,

El-Sayed

et al. 2023

Scientific Journal for Damietta Faculty of Science

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For identifying fecal pollution in water, microbial indicators, particularly those from the coliform groups Escherichia coli and Enterococci, have been utilized, which are considered guidelines for the quality of drinking water. The multiple-tube fermentation (MTF) and membrane filter (MF) procedures for detecting indicator organisms are recognized conventional methods, and they are compared with the multiplex PCR method. Three sets of different primers were used in combination with the multiplex PCR procedure. The first set aims to amplify 876 base pairs from the lacZ gene, which is present in all coliform bacteria, including E. coli. The second set aims to amplify 147 base pairs from the uidA gene, which is unique to E. coli. While the final set yields a tuf gene with 112 base pairs that are unique to all Enterococci. The multiplex PCR technique has been found to be an effective, sensitive, and quick method for detecting these three microbial indicators in contaminated water. In Damietta County, Egypt, three water treatment stations (El-Rahmna -El-Adlyia -El-Bostan) were evaluated for their effectiveness at removing pollutants from the water using the optimized multiplex PCR.

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“…Water is a vital natural resource because it is fundamental to life and the environment and is used in food production, industry and power generation [1]. Humans use water for drinking, cooking, recreation, transportation and irrigation [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of 1,3 Dihydroxy-2-Methylimidazolium Bis (Trifluoromethylsulfonyl) Imde and Selected Antibiotics Against <i>Streptococcus</i> Species Isolated from Groundwater in the Northwest Province, South Africa

Ateba¹,

Morare²,

Ebenso³

2014

JFNR

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In developing countries, access to unsafe water and inadequate sanitation continue to be a danger to human health and untreated groundwater constitutes one of the main sources of drinking water supply. The consumption of untreated contaminated groundwater has frequently been identified as a potential source for the transfer and spread of both antibiotic resistant bacteria strains and waterborne infections among humans. Antibiotics are used for the treatment of bacterial infections and therefore the emergence of drug resistant bacterial strains has huge clinical implications. Faced with the rapid growth of bacterial resistance to a number of commonly used antibiotics, ionic liquids are attracting increasing attention as agents that could serve as antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to isolate, identify and determine the antimicrobial activity of an ionic liquid and selected antibiotics against Streptococcus species isolated from groundwater samples. A total of 22 samples were collected from borehole taps in some villages in the Northwest Province and analysed for the presence of streptococci. Gramstaining, catalase test, oxidase test and Prolex Streptococcal Grouping Latex assays were used for bacteria identification. The growth inhibitory effect of the ionic liquid 1,3 dihydroxy-2-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide and selected antibiotics was determined. One hundred and seventy six presumptive isolates were obtained and screened for characters of streptococci and 165 isolates were obtained. All the isolates were Gram positive cocci; a large proportion (92.7%) was oxidase negative and only 51.5% were catalase negative. Based on serotyping, 86.7% of the isolates were positively identified as streptococci. All the isolates from Motlhabeng, Stella and Taung were resistant to penicillin G. Moreover, large proportions (75.0% to 95.8%) of these isolates were resistant to vancomycin. All the isolates except a large proportion of those from Stella (88%) and Taung (83%) were found to be more susceptible (22.5% to 50%) to chloramphenicol. Generally, the growth inhibition zone diameter for 1,3 dihydroxy-2-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide against the isolates ranged from 6 to 9 mm and 9 to 22mm for 1% and 10% solutions respectively. In conclusion multi-drug resistant streptococci were isolated from groundwater intended for human consumption. Isolates were however susceptible to the IL tested and the antimicrobial effect increased with increase in concentration of the IL.

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Detection of Bacterial Pathogens in River Water Using Multiplex-PCR

Cited by 5 publications

References 117 publications

Urban effluent discharges as causes of public and environmental health concerns in South Africa’s aquatic milieu

Urban effluent discharges as causes of public and environmental health concerns in South Africa’s aquatic milieu

Rapid detection of indicator bacteria in drinking water using multiplex PCR technique

Antimicrobial Activity of 1,3 Dihydroxy-2-Methylimidazolium Bis (Trifluoromethylsulfonyl) Imde and Selected Antibiotics Against <i>Streptococcus</i> Species Isolated from Groundwater in the Northwest Province, South Africa

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