Detection and Treatment of Occupational Lead Nephropathy

Wedeen, Richard P.

doi:10.1001/archinte.1979.03630380035014

Cited by 162 publications

(50 citation statements)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these findings are in agreement with some results of previous investigations. [25][26][27][28][29] The varieties in the histological alterations of the renal tissues due to lead intoxication obtained by different investigators could be due to the variations in the level of exposure, duration, route of administration and animal species used in the experiments.The data of the present work showed that the cortex is more affected than the medulla due to long-term treatment with lead. This could be partly due to the uneven distribution of lead in the tissue of the kidney where about 90% of the total renal blood flow enters the cortex via the blood stream.…”

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Histological and Histochemical Alterations in the Kidney Induced by Lead

Jarrar

2003

Ann Saudi Med

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Background: Although lead intoxication is one of the most common forms of metal intoxication, the histochemical alterations in the renal tissues due to chronic lead exposure is limited and has not yet been well identified. Subjects and Methods: A total of 60 male Wistar albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were exposed to lead acetate trihydrate (0.0, 0. 25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2% for 1 to 12 months) in drinking water to investigate the histological and histochemical alterations in the renal tissues due to lead. Results: Chronic exposure to subtoxic doses of lead produced distinct progressive tubular, glomerular and interstitial damages. Tubular changes occurred earlier than glomerular and interstitial ones, and included anisokaryosis, nuclear pyknosis, karyomeglay, development of intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions together with tubular dilation, necrosis, vacuolization, tubular hyperplasia and solid tubular adenoma. The glomerular alterations were mainly mesangial hypercellularity, segmental proliferation, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis, glomerular hyalinization and glomerular tuft alterations. Conclusions:The findings indicate that lead produces significant histological and histochemical changes in the kidney that lead to severe complications. Ann Saudi Med 2003;23(1-2):10-15. BM Jarrar, Histological and Histochemical Alterations in the Kidney Induced by Lead. 2003; 23(1-2): 10-15Key Words: Lead, kidney, intoxication, histology, histochemistry. Lead intoxication is probably the most common form of heavy metal intoxication, 1-3 and is well documented as one of the most dangerous and insidious poisons to man. [4][5] The absorbed lead is conjugated in the liver and is passed to the kidney, where a small quantity is excreted and the rest accumulates in and interferes with the function of body organs, especially the kidney as a target site for lead toxicity.6-9 Continuous environmental and occupational lead exposure can lead to chronic nephropathy, 6,10,11 which is a characteristic manifestation of lead toxicity and characterized by tubular, interstitial and glomerular damages, including renal lesions, tumors and cancer risk. 12-15The long-term effects of lead chronic exposure have been documented by several investigations with special attention to the exposure of developing animals and young children. 6,[16][17][18][19][20] The histochemical alterations in the renal tissues due to chronic lead exposure is limited and have not yet been well identified. With this objective, a detailed histological and histochemical studies were undertaken on the kidney of Wistar albino rats killed at one month intervals up to 12 months after lead acetate trihydrate treatment. Subjects and MethodsA total of 60 male Wistar albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) of the same age weighing 110-130 g of King Saud University colony were used. Animals were randomly divided into five groups of 12 rats each. Following a period of stabilization (7 days), lead acetate trihydrate was administered in drinking water at the rate of 0.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological and Histochemical Alterations in the Kidney Induced by Lead

Jarrar

2003

Ann Saudi Med

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“…N o present e relat o sugerimo s a intermediaçã o d o sistem a imun e n a patogeni a d a neuropatia periféric a plúmbica , poi s o pacient e apresento u bo a respost a terapêutic a a dose s imunossupressoras de corticosteróides. Este comprometimento da resposta imune em seres humanos já foi descrito: 1 ) in vitro o chumbo nas concentrações semelhantes às encontradas em seres humanos expostos a este metal, em contato com linfócitos B humanos é capaz de induzir aumento significativo da secreçã o d e imunoglobulinas 2 ; 2 ) e m relaçã o a o rim , já fo i evidenciad a a presenç a d e imunocomplexos na nefropatia plúmbica 10 . Por outro lado não se pode excluir outros fatores com o o envolviment o do s radicai s livre s n a fisiopatogeni a d a intoxicaçã o plúmbica , com o sugere m a s semelhanças entre a intoxicação por chumbo e a porfiria, pois os dois cursam com aumento do ácido 6-aminolevulínico.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Possível intermediação do sistema imune na polineuropatia periférica plúmbica: relato de caso

Dias‐Tosta

Alves

Calmon

et al. 1997

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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RESUMO -Relata-s e o cas o d e pacient e d e 2 5 ano s co m feriment o po r arm a d e fog o n a articulaçã o coxofemural esquerd a que desenvolveu, entre outros sinais de intoxicação plúmbica, polineuropatia periférica axona l predominantemente motora . Tratad o inicialment e co m corticosteróide s e m dose s imunossupressora s obtev e melhora, mas apresentav a recidiv a a cad a tentativa de retirada d a medicação. Possible role of the immune system in lead neuropathy: case reportABSTRACT -This i s a case report o f a twenty-five year s ol d ma n wh o developed , du e t o lea d intoxication , a severe axonal periphera l predominantly moto r neuropathy, after a shotgun injury . The projectile was retained i n the righ t hip . Befor e thi s diagnosi s ha d bee n don e h e wa s treate d wit h corticosteroid s i n immunosuppressiv e doses an d showe d a n improvement, bu t h e had worsened a t each attemp t to interrupt the drug. Because he ha d also other signs of lead intoxication, such as abdominal cramps, severe anemia and seizures i t was search for th e blood level s o f lea d tha t wa s 101. 2 }@@m##g/ dl . Th e patien t was treate d wit h calciu m disodiu m edetat e an d surgica l removal o f lea d fragments . Afte r tha t he had a good outcom e wit h no need o f corticosteroids. I t is emphasize d the possible relevance o f the immune syste m on the mechanism o f plumbic intoxicatio n an d the importance o f the withdrawal o f the lea d materia l retaine d i n joints.

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“…Acute exposure to lead can cause proximal renal tubular dysfunction with proteinuria, aminoaciduria, glycosuria, renal tubular acidosis and cellular casts (Chung et Acute interstitial nephritis has also been reported at Pb blood concentrations of 40 -80 µg/dL (Wedeen et al, 1979).…”

Section: Renal Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead Exposure and Environmental Health

Patočka¹,

Kuča²

2016

Mil. Med. Sci. Lett.

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SummaryLead (Pb), which is widely used in industry, is a common element found in low concentrations in the Earth's crust. Lead has been used since prehistoric times. As a highly toxic heavy metal, the pollution and exposure risks of lead are of widespread concern for human health. This environmental contaminant causing irreversible health effects mainly in children. Especially children under the age of six are most at risk for lead poisoning. Lead toxicity causes hematological, gastrointestinal, and neurological dysfunction. Symptoms are usually noted with blood lead greater than 2 μmol/litre. Severe or prolonged exposure may also cause chronic nephropathy, hypertension, and reproductive impairment. Lead inhibits some enzymes, alters cellular calcium metabolism, stimulates synthesis of binding proteins in kidney, brain, and bone, and slows down nerve conduction. The emission sources and pathological effects of lead are discussed.

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Detection and Treatment of Occupational Lead Nephropathy

Cited by 162 publications

References 11 publications

Histological and Histochemical Alterations in the Kidney Induced by Lead

Histological and Histochemical Alterations in the Kidney Induced by Lead

Possível intermediação do sistema imune na polineuropatia periférica plúmbica: relato de caso

Lead Exposure and Environmental Health

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